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Measuring deployment of IPv6Paris, 6 April 2010Karine Perset, OECDOECD reports:- “Measuring Deployment of IPv6”, April 2010- “Economic Considerations in the Management ofIPv4 and in the Deployment of IPv6”, June 2008www.oecd.org/STI/ICT/IPv6 (available 7 April 2010)1
2 IntroductionIPv4 addresses nearing full allocation (8% remain in April 2009). Projectedrun out of previously unallocated IPv4 addresses in 2011-2012. Timely deployment of IPv6 increasing priority for all Internet stakeholders. Seoul Declaration of June 2008, Ministers highlightedimportance of “encouraging IPv6 adoption, in particularthrough its deployment by the private sector and bygovernments.” To this end, necessity of benchmarking IPv6 deployment Objective: present various data sets being used to monitorIPv6 deployment alongside IPv4 (dual stack)
3Stylized view of the InternetContent providersNetwork providersEnd users / customersMobile ISPTransit ISPMobile ServicesIXISPContent /Hostingproviders (Web,audio, video)ISPDevices,operatingsystemsBroadband ISPEnterprise XCustomer premisesExample.comDNS serverTLD DNSserverRoot DNSserverDomain name systemISP DNSservice
4Zoom on network providersContent providersNetwork providersEnd users / customersMobile ISPTransit ISPMobile ServicesIXISP AContent /Hostingproviders (Web,audio, video)ISP BDevices,operatingsystemsBroadband ISPEnterprise XCustomer premisesExample.comDNS serverTLD DNSserverRoot DNSserverDomain name systemISP DNSservice
5Infrastructure readiness: networks running IPv6Networks that can run IPv6 & that proposeIPv6 services are critical to IPv6 deployment.Network providersMobile ISPTransit ISP Over 5% of networks on the Internet (1800 networks) can handle IPv6 traffic. IPv6networks have grown faster than IPv4-onlysince mid-2007. But 1 out of 5 of Internet infrastructureproviders (networks that provideconnections through themselves to othernetworks) handle IPv6 this is encouraging!IXISP AISP BBroadband ISPEnterprise X Top IPv6 networks different from IPv4 networks at this stage. Presence of IPv6 peers: top countries DE, NL, US, CN, UK. Number of ISPs offering native IPv6 service: top countries DE, US, JP, UK, FR. Native IPv6 transit providers services : top countries DE, NL, UK, FR, US.
6Zoom on end usersContent providersNetwork providersEnd users / customersMobile ISPTransit ISPMobile ServicesIXISP AContent /Hostingproviders (Web,audio, video)ISP BDevices,operatingsystemsBroadband ISPEnterprise XCustomer premisesExample.comDNS serverTLD DNSserverRoot DNSserverDomain name systemISP DNSservice
7Infrastructure readiness: end user equipmentEnd users / customersThe penetration of operating systems that support IPv6indicates the number of Internet computers/ devices (“endhosts”) that can run IPv6 if IPv6 connectivity is available.Mobile Services Over 90% of the installed base of operating systems isIPv6-ready, but often requires extra configuration.Devices,operatingsystems Roughly 25% of end users run an operating systemthat supports IPv6 by default, in particular WindowsVista or Mac OS X.Customer premises
8Actual use: end user systems (1/1)End-user systems that chose IPv6 when given the choice (dual-stack) and have IPv6connectivity is a very important indication of IPv6 uptake by users.Working IPv6 over time.Working IPv6 by operating system.Source: Evaluating IPv6 Adoption in the Internet, April 2010, Lorenzo Colitti, Steinar H. Gunderson, Erik Kline, Tiziana Refice, under submission at PAM 2010. One year experiment by Google: 0.25% of users were IPv6 capable by September2009, up from less than 0.2% one year before. (more technically-oriented websites find that about 1% of end-users connect via IPv6 when possible). Mostly Mac OS X and Windows Vista operating systems enable IPv6 by default.
9Actual use: end user systems (2/2)Working IPv6 ratio for top-10 countries,non-relayed only.Daily working IPv6 in August 2009.Source: Evaluating IPv6 Adoption in the Internet, April 2010, Lorenzo Colitti, Steinar H. Gunderson, Erik Kline, Tiziana Refice, under submission at PAM 2010. Google’s experiment finds the networks originating most IPv6 traffic areuniversities or research institutions. Notable exception of free.fr in France.
10Zoom on the domain name system & content providersContent providersNetwork providersEnd users / customersMobile ISPTransit ISPMobile ServicesIXISP AContent /Hostingproviders (Web,audio, video)ISP BDevices,operatingsystemsBroadband ISPEnterprise XCustomer premisesExample.comDNS serverTLD DNSserverRoot DNSserverDomain name systemISP DNSservice
Infrastructure readiness: Content providers11IPv6 support by content providers and latency of IPv6 websites. 1.45% of top 1000 websites have an IPv6 website.Only 0.15% of the top 1 M do. .Native IPv6 latency similar to IPv4. Latency of nonnative/relayed IPv6 content IPv4Content /Hostingproviders (Web,audio, video)Example.comDNS serverTLD DNSserverRoot DNSserverDomain name systemISP DNSservice
12Main points The Internet is in the early stages of a transition to IPv6 whereby endhosts, networks, services and middleware are shifting from IPv4-only tosupport both IPv4 and IPv6 (dual-stack). IPv6 still a small proportion of the Internet. Nonetheless, positive signs: –The use of IPv6 is increasing slighly faster than the (continuing) use of IPv4.–Some large-scale deployments /plans (e.g. Google, Free.fr, Verizon LTE )–Increasing awareness of future addressing needsNeed for significant increase in adoption of IPv6 to satisfy foreseeabledemand for Internet deployment. Actors will face significant pressure as the IPv4 address pool depletes. Deployment of IPv6 a priority for all Internet stakeholders, includinggovernments.
13ADDITIONAL SLIDES
WHY IS THE IPV4/IPV6 ISSUE RELEVANT TOPUBLIC POLICY MAKERS?1. Public institutions rely on Internet as others2. Internet as platform for innovation & growth requires IPv6 IPv6 necessary for Internet economy growth LTthe alternatives entail unacceptable risksooLimitations on scalability (dense NAT without IPv6)Hurried/unstable IPv6 deployment (wait and rush). Need to promote interoperability where possible As IPv6 becomes norm, IPv6 expertise key foreconomic competitivity.3. Competition concerns regarding IPv4: New entrants will need IPv4 resources to interoperate with IPv6. Need ability to transfer addresses between parties.
ALL STAKEHOLDERS, INCLUDINGGOVERNMENTS, HAVE A ROLE TO PLAY Government’s role is not about regulation, but aboutworking with technical experts and business to: Role 1: Build awareness of issue & help to easebottlenecks through multi-stakeholder co-operation. Role 2: Being early adopters. Role 3: International co-operation and helping tomonitor progress of deployment.Need for multi-stakeholder co-operation.
Infrastructure readiness:RIR allocations of IPv6 address blocks16RIR allocations of IPv6 address space shows interest in potential IPv6deployment, since obtaining IPv6 address space is a first step in deploying IPv6.350300250200150 4 000 IPv6 address blocks (prefixes )allocated by the RIRs 0.003% of totalavailable IPv6 address space. Top countries in terms of prefixallocations: United States, Germany,Japan, United Kingdom, theNetherlands, and Australia.United StatesGermanyJapanUnited KingdomNetherlandsAustralia Growth pick-up: 2007KoreaFranceOECD umbers of IPv6 allocations per year, top 8 OECD countries, 1999-2009
17Infrastructure readiness: the domain name systemIPv6 support in the Domain Name System (DNS) enables IPv6-enabled computers(“hosts”) to reach other IPv6-enabled computers. Root DNS servers: 7 out of 13 have IPv6 records. Top-Level Domains (TLDs): 65% have IPv6 records in the root zone. 80% have IPv6name servers. 1.5 million domain names 1% of domain names registered have IPv6 records.DNS data also indicates IPv6 support by content providers and latency of IPv6 websites. 1.45% of top 1000 websites have an IPv6 website. Only 0.15% of the top 1 M do. Native IPv6 latency similar to IPv4. Latency of non-native/relayed IPv6 content IPv4.Content providersExample.comDNS serverTLD DNSserverRoot DNSserverDomain name systemISP DNSservice
182) Actual use: external IPv6 trafficThe percentage of traffic that uses IPv6 on the Internet is a general indication ofuptake of IPv6, although there are numerous caveats. At free.fr, a French IPv6-enabled ISP, IPv6 traffic per opt-in customer represented onaverage some 3% of each customer’s external traffic in October 2009.Daily average IPv6 traffic at Free.fr in 2008 and in 2009 (Mbps)400 000, or 10% of20082009subscribers, opted in.600600Average incoming trafficAverage incoming trafficAverage outgoing trafficAverage outgoing 9-200930-09-200914-10-2009500 At one of the largest IXPs, AMS-IX, 0.3% of the total traffic exchanged was IPv6.
193) Survey data from RIPE and APNIC service areasSurvey data provides some insight on network operators’ planned IPv6 deploymentsand perceived barriers. Overall, levels of deployment seem similar in the Asia-Pacificregion and the Europe, the Middle East and parts of Central Asia.IPv6 traffic compared to IPv4 traffic forinstitutions that have implemented IPv6RIPEAPNICIPv6 traffic is insignificantIPv6 traffic is insignificantis non-negligible but less thanIPv6 traffic is non-negligibleIPv6buttrafficless thanIPv4 trafficIPv4 trafficIPv6 traffic is same as IPv4 trafficIPv6 traffic is same as IPv4 trafficIPv6 traffic is greater than IPv4 trafficSource: GNKS/TNO 2009, APNICIPv6 traffic is greater than IPv4 traffic
203) Survey data from RIPE and APNIC service areasExpected largest hurdle(s) for organizations to deploy IPv6Entities that are not implementing IPv6CostsAvailability of knowledgeBusiness caseVendor supportInformation securityOtherARINAmong entities that are implementing IPv6RIPEVendor supportBusiness caseAvailability of knowledgeCostsInformation securityOtherSource: GNKS/TNO 2009, APNIC0%20%40%60%80%Lack of vendor support remains a barrier to IPv6 deployment as does the lack ofbusiness models.
Hosting providers (Web, audio, video) ISP DNS service Example.com DNS server Content providers Network providers Root DNS server TLD DNS server Transit ISP IX Mobile ISP ISP ISP Enterprise X Mobile Services Domain name system End users / customers 3 Stylized view of the Internet Devices, operating
