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LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT (LOD)SPECIFICATIONFor Building Information ModelsPART I, GUIDE, & COMMENTARYDecember 2021Committee Co-ChairsJim Bedrick, FAIA, Will Ikerd, PhD, PE, Jan Reinhardt, PhDPARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONSCopyright 2021 BIMForum
Level of Development SpecificationVersion: 2021Part Iwww.bimforum.org/lod2021Level of Development (LOD)SpecificationFor Building Information ModelsDecember 2021Part I, Guide, & CommentaryNothing contained in this work shall be considered the rendering of legal advice. Readers are responsible for obtainingsuch advice from their own legal counsel. This work and any forms herein are intended solely for educational andinformational purposes.All images are intended to illustrate building conditions in compliance with common building codes. However, the imagesdo not take into account site specific conditions, regional building codes and other important information that may requirea material change for specific projects. These illustrations do not make representation for fitness for a particular projectnor for code or design compliance.Copyright 2021 by BIMForum. All rights reservedThe LOD Specification Part I and Part II as well as the LOD Specification Guide are made available to the public without charge. Inorder to maintain the integrity and usefulness of these documents as a reference standard, certain restrictions apply to their use. Thesedocuments are licensed to the public under Creative Commons licenses as follows:Part I of this work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0International License ).Part II of this work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International 4.0/).Licensing questions should be directed to [email protected] Click here to provide feedback.Back to TOCCopyright 2021 by BIMForum. All rights reservedThis document is copyrighted under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.2
Level of Development SpecificationVersion: 2021www.bimforum.org/lodPart IACKNOWLEDGEMENTSMany thanks to all the individuals and organizations who reviewed and contributed to this work, and to the followingindustry association representatives and co-chairs of the major discipline subgroups who made this document possible:ChairsOverallJim Bedrick, FAIA, AEC Process EngineeringWill Ikerd, PE, IKERD Consulting LLCJan Reinhardt, Adept Project DeliveryDomain GroupsDesignConstructionStructuresWill Ikerd, PE, LEED APIKERDDavid MerrifieldNational Institute of Steel DetailersExterior SkinMichael F. Czap, AIAThe Beck GroupWill Ikerd, P.E.IKERDInterior ConstructionRon Dellaria, AIA, CSICollaborative ConstructionConsultantsBrian FilkinsThe Beck GroupConveyingMichael F. Czap, AIAThe Beck GroupKen Flannigan, LEED APTech Frontiers LLCBuilding ServicesJoseph PowellIKERDDavid FrancisICT TrackerCivil/LandscapeWill Ikerd, PE, LEED APIKERDJake Fears, PEJHF EngineeringBridge: Highway & RailWill Ikerd, PE, LEED APIKERDDavid MerrifieldNational Institute of Steel DetailersEstimating with BIMBrent pilgrimBeck GroupRyan ShortRudick ConstructionMichael PerdueIKERDNicholas GrinnanRudick ConstructionMichael PerdueIKERDJan Reinhardt,Adept Project DeliveryData with BIMSouth ColeTexas Steel Tech LLCCarl G. Roberts,Law Offices of Carl G. Roberts LLCLegalIndustry and Association RepresentativesACD (formerly AIA Contract Documents)Jim Bedrick, FAIAAscend Building Knowledge Foundation (AscendBKF.org)Will Ikerd, PhD, P.E.Design-Build Institute of AmericaBrian Skripac, DBIA, Assoc. AIANBSTina PringlePlease Click here to provide feedback.Back to TOCCopyright 2021 by BIMForum. All rights reservedThis document is copyrighted under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.3
Level of Development SpecificationVersion: 2021Part Iwww.bimforum.org/lodGraphics CreationGraphics are the property and copyright of the creator and used with permission for this edition of this document unless notedotherwise. The owner, creator and copyright holder of graphics are as follows in this text: Ikerd Consulting, LLC noted as ‘FromIkerd.com’, Ascend Building Knowledge Foundation, LLC are noted as ‘From AscendBKF.org”, and BIMxD Solutions, LLC noted as‘From BIMxD.com’. No derivatives of the graphics may be made without the creators express written permission.Additional ContributorsIn addition, we’d like to thank the many contributors from all sectors of the industry who helped make this specification possible,including:Andy Jizba, US CADBenjamin Crosby, Yates ConstructionBill Klorman, Klorman Construction & ACI 131 BIM Committee Member (Concrete)Brenda Ikerd, IKERD Consulting, IKERD.com (Structures, Civil)Chuck Eastman, Ph.D, Georgia Institute of TechnologyJamie L. Davis, PE. LEED AP, Ryan Biggs Clark Davis Engineering & Surveying (Masonry)Jason P. Lien, PE, Precast Concrete Institute (PCI) BIM Committee, EnCon United (Precast)Jonathan Koller, IKERD Consulting, IKERD.com (Graphics Editing, Structures, and Anchors)Joe Cipra, Vulcraft/Verco Group (Structural Steel Open Web Joists and Metal Deck)Joe Powell, EIT, Ikerd Consulting, IKERD.com (MEP)Kirk Capristo, Astorino (Cover)Lee Garduno, Southland Industries (MEP)Luke Faulkner, LEED AP, AISC (Structural Steel)Matthew J. Gomez PE, SE, Trimble (Structural Steel)Michael Bolduc, PE (MA), Simpson Gumpertz & Heger (Structural)Michael Gustafason, PE, Autodesk (Structural)Michael Mulder, Southland Industries (MEP)Michael Perdue, Ikerd Consulting, IKERD.com (LOD Part II Data Tables)Murat Karakas, Arup (MEP)Paul J. Hause, PE, Structural Consultants Inc. (Structural)Peter J. Carrato, Ph.D., PE, SE, Bechtel & ACI 131 BIM Committee Chair (Concrete)R. Wayne Muir, P.E., Structural Consultants Inc. & SEI-CASE BIM Committee Co-Chair (Structures)Roger Becker, PE, SE, Precast Concrete Institute (PCI) Managing Director of Research and Development (Precast)Scott Babin, ITW Building Components Group (Wood)Soheil Seiqali, Klorman Construction (Concrete)Steven Bumbalough (Wood)William Northcutt, IKERD Consulting, IKERD.com (Graphics Editing, Structures, and Anchors)Please Click here to provide feedback.Back to TOCCopyright 2021 by BIMForum. All rights reservedThis document is copyrighted under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.4
Level of Development SpecificationVersion: 2021Part Iwww.bimforum.org/lodEXECUTIVE SUMMARYFor a detailed guide on the use of this Specification see Guide and Commentary at the end of this document.The Level of Development (LOD) Specification is a reference tool intended to improve the quality of communication among users ofBuilding Information Models (BIMs) about the characteristics of elements in models. The LOD Specification expands upon the LODschema developed by the American Institute of Architects (AIA) for its E202-2009 BIM and Digital Data Exhibit and updated for theAIA’s G202-2013 Project BIM Protocol Form1 by providing definitions and illustrations of BIM elements of different building systems atdifferent stages of their development and use in the design and construction process.Building Information Modeling presents information about a construction project or structure in the form of three-dimensional graphicalrepresentations of elements (e.g., doors, beams, etc.), which can be further associated with information about other characteristics ofthose elements. It is possible for the graphical representation of an element, taken alone, to suggest that greater accuracy or intentioncan be attributed to the element than is in fact the case. The AIA’s LOD Schema was developed to provide a more systematic way ofconveying the extent of reliance that may be placed on an element. Many participants in the design and construction process felt,however, that the industry would benefit from a more detailed treatment of the AIA’s brief narrative definitions.Discussions within the BIMForum led to the creation of a multi-disciplinary task force to develop and maintain the LOD Specification.The LOD Specification is an organized collection of interpretations of the AIA’s LOD definitions describing input and informationrequirements and providing graphical examples of the different levels of development of a broad variety of building element classes.Users of the LOD Specification are cautioned that it does not prescribe the necessary levels of development for different steps in theconstruction process. That determination is left to each project team. It is believed, however, that the availability of more precisedefinitions will reduce the risks of miscommunication among members of project teams when the expectations for different stages in thedesign and construction process are established, through easier identification of what each member of the team is expected to deliverand greater predictability of the level of effort that is required to create each member’s deliverables.The LOD Specification is organized by CSI Uniformat 2010 and Omniclass2, with the subclasses expanded to Level 4 (and in a fewcases to Level 5) to provide detail and clarity to the element definitions. Breakdown indices are also provided per Uniclass 20153, a UKinitiative that is gaining international acceptance. See BIMForum LOD Spec Part II, tab 3, for a Uniclass-to-Omniclass/Uniformat crossreference table.The LOD Specification addresses only LOD 100 through LOD 400 of the AIA’s LOD Schema, along with a new level – LOD 350 –which was added between LOD 300 and LOD 400 to better address the information levels required for effective trade coordination. TheLOD Specification does not address LOD 500 since that LOD relates to field verification and is not an indication of progression to ahigher level of geometry or information. See below for the Fundamental LOD Definitions.The LOD Specification does not prescribe who the author of a particular component at a given LOD should be, as that will vary fromone project to another. However, the document does provide a concise schematic means through the spreadsheet in Part II for aproject team to identify model element authors, again in the interest of improving communication among model users. In addition, theLOD Specification task force has been working with software developers to provide a means within the software of tagging individualelements within a model with their current LOD level.1AIA Contract Document G202-2013, Building Information Modeling Protocol Form is part of a series of digital practicedocuments the AIA published in June 2013. This series consists of AIA E203 –2013, Building Information Modeling andDigital Data Exhibit, AIA G201 –2013, Project Digital Data Protocol Form, and AIA G202 –2013, Project BuildingInformation Modeling Protocol Form. For general information on the documents and downloadable samples seewww.aia.org/digitaldocs. For executable versions of the documents see http://www.aia.org/contractdocs.2UniFormatTM and Omniclass Numbers and Titles used in this publication are from UniFormatTM, published by CSI andConstruction Specifications Canada (CSC), and are used with permission from CSI. For a more in-depth explanation ofUniFormatTM and its use in the construction industry visit http://www.csinet.org or contact CSI, 110 South Union Street, Suite100, Alexandria, VA 22314. (800) 689-2900.3Uniclass 2015 NBS Enterprises LtdPlease Click here to provide feedback.Back to TOCCopyright 2021 by BIMForum. All rights reservedThis document is copyrighted under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.5
Level of Development SpecificationVersion: 2021Part Iwww.bimforum.org/lodThe LOD Specification is intended as a reference standard, but is also intended to evolve as the use of BIM develops. TheSpecification is updated annually, and previous versions are maintained on the BIMForum website (www.bimforum.org/lod). Users areinvited to provide comments and recommendations for consideration in future editions. These should be sent by email [email protected] Click here to provide feedback.Back to TOCCopyright 2021 by BIMForum. All rights reservedThis document is copyrighted under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.6
Level of Development SpecificationVersion: 2021Part Iwww.bimforum.org/lodTABLE OF CONTENTS STRUCTURE:UNIFORMAT # / OMNICLASS # / UNICLASS # SECTION TITLECONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY . 5CHANGES FROM 2020 VERSION . 13UPDATES OF THIS DOCUMENT . 14FUNDAMENTAL LOD DEFINITIONS . 16Level of Development vs. Level of Detail. 16PART I – ELEMENT GEOMETRY . 18-- / 36-51 / --OFFICE RESOURCES . 18-- / 36-51 73 / 11 13 11 19 SPACES . 18-- / 36-51 73 11 13 17 11 / -- Horizontal Grids . 19-- / 36-51 73 11 13 17 13 / -- Vertical Levels . 19A / 21-01 00 00 / Ss 20 05 SUBSTRUCTURE . 21A10 / 21-01 10 / Ss 20 05 15 Foundations . 21A1010 / 21-01 10 10 / Ss 20 05 Standard Foundations . 21A1020 / 21-01 10 20 / Ss 20 05 Special Foundations. 27A20 / 21-01 20 / Ss 20 05 15 Subgrade Enclosures . 32A2010 / 21-01 20 10 / Ss 20 60 Walls for Subgrade Enclosures . 32A40 / 21-01 40 / Pr 20 85 14 16 Slabs-on-Grade . 33A4010 / 21-01 40 10 / Pr 20 85 14 16 Standard Slabs-on-Grade . 34A4020 / 21-01 40 20 / Pr 20 85 14 16 Structural Slabs-on-Grade . 35A4030 / 21-01 40 30 / -- Slab Trenches TBD . 36A4040 / 21-01 40 40 / Ss 37 16 90 63 Pits and Bases TBD . 37A4090 / 21-01 40 90 / -- Slab-On-Grade Supplementary Components TBD . 37A60 / 21-01 60 / -- Water and Gas Mitigation TBD . 37A6010 / 21-01 60 10 / Ss 50 35 8 85 Building Subdrainage TBD . 37A6020 / 21-01 60 20 / Ss 15 10 33 34 Off-Gassing Mitigation TBD . 37A90 / 21-01 90 / -- Substructure Related Activities TBD . 37A9010 / 21-01 90 10 / Ss 15 10 30 25 Substructure Excavation TBD . 37A9020 / 21-01 90 20 / Ss 15 10 76 21 Construction Dewatering TBD . 37A9030 / 21-01 90 30 / TE 20 50 65 Excavation Support TBD . 37A9040 / 21-01 90 40 / Ss 15 10 35 Soil Treatment TBD. 37B / 21-02 00 00 / -- SHELL . 38B10 / 21-02 10 / -- Superstructure . 38B1010 / 21-02 10 10 / Ss 30 12 Floor Construction . 38B1020 / 21-02 10 20 / Ss 30 10 Roof Construction . 64B1080 / 21-02 10 80 / Ss 35 Stairs . 66Please Click here to provide feedback.Back to TOCCopyright 2021 by BIMForum. All rights reservedThis document is copyrighted under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.7
Level of Development SpecificationVersion: 2021Part Iwww.bimforum.org/lodB20 / 21-02 20 / EF 25 10 Exterior Vertical Enclosures. 74B2010 / 21-02 20 10 / EF 25 10 Exterior Walls . 75B2020 / 21-02 20 20 / Ss 25 30 95 26 Exterior Windows . 91B2050 / 21-02 20 50 / Ss 25 30 20 Exterior Doors and Grilles . 96B2070 / 21-02 20 70 / Ss 25 50 45 45 Exterior Louvers and Vents . 98B2080 / 21-02 20 80 / -- Exterior Wall Appurtenances . 99B30 / 21-02 30 / -- Exterior Horizontal Enclosures . 101B3010 / 21-02 30 10 / Ss 30 10 Roofing. 101B3020 / 21-02 30 20 / -- Roof Appurtenances . 102B3040 / 21-02 30 40 / Ss 30 12 20 Traffic Bearing Horizontal Enclosures . 103B3060 / 21-02 30 60 / -- Horizontal Openings . 104B3080 / 21-02 30 80 / -- Overhead Exterior Enclosures . 105C / 21-03 00 00 / -- INTERIORS . 107C10 / 21-03 10 / -- Interior Construction . 107C1010 / 21-03 10 10 / Ss 25 10 30 Interior Partitions . 107C1020 / 21-03 10 20 / Ss 25 30 95 41 Interior Windows . 117C1030 / 21-03 10 30 / Ss 25 30 20 25 Interior Doors . 119C1040 / 21-03 10 40 / -- Interior Grilles and Gates . 121C1060 / 21-03 10 60 / Ss 30 20 70 Raised Floor Construction . 122C1070 / 21-03 10 70 / -- Suspended Ceiling Construction . 123C1090 / 21-03 10 90 / -- Interior Specialties . 124C20 / 21-03 20 / Ss 25 45 Interior Finishes . 127C2010 / 21-03 20 10 / Ss 25 45 Wall Finishes . 127C2020 / 21-03 20 20 / Ss 25 25 45 Interior Fabrications . 130C2030 / 21-03 20 30 / Ss 30 42 Flooring . 130C2040 / 21-03 20 40 / Ss 35 40 Stair Finishes . 132C2050 / 21-03 20 50 / Ss 30 47 Ceiling Finishes . 133D / 21-04 00 00 / -- SERVICES . 134D10 / 21-04 10 / Ss 80 20 Conveying . 134D1010 / 21-04 10 10 / Ss 80 50 Vertical Conveying Systems . 134D1030 / 21-04 10 30 / Ss 80 20 62 Horizontal Conveying . 138D1050 / 21-04 10 50 / Ss 80 20 10 Material Handling . 139D1080 / 21-04 10 80 / Ss 80 30 25 Operable Access Systems . 142D20 / 21-04 20 / -- Plumbing . 143D2010 / 21-04 20 10 / Ss 55 70 38 Domestic Water Distribution . 144D2020 / 21-04 20 20 / Ss 50 30 4 Sanitary Drainage . 149D2030 / 21-04 20 30 / -- Building Support Plumbing Systems . 152D2050 / 21-04 20 50 / Ss 55 20 15 General Service Compressed-Air . 158D2060 / 21-04 20 60 / Ss 55 60 Process Support Plumbing Systems . 158D30 / 21-04 30 / Ss 60 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) . 160D3010 / 21-04 30 10 / Ss 55 50 Facility Fuel Systems . 161Please Click here to provide feedback.Back to TOCCopyright 2021 by BIMForum. All rights reservedThis document is copyrighted under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.8
Level of Development SpecificationVersion: 2021Part Iwww.bimforum.org/lodD3020 / 21-04 30 20 / Ss 60 40 37 Heating Systems . 165D3030 / 21-04 30 30 / Ss 60 40 17 Cooling Systems . 167D3050 / 21-04 30 50 / Ss 60 40 84 Facility HVAC Distribution Systems . 171D3060 / 21-04 30 60 / Ss 65 40 0 0 Ventilation . 174D3070 / 21-04 30 70 / Ss 60 Special Purpose HVAC Systems . 179D40 / 21-04 40 / Ss 55 30 Fire Protection . 179D4010 / 21-04 40 10 / Ss 55 30 Fire Suppression . 180D4030 / 21-04 40 30 / Ss 55 30 Fire Protection Specialties . 182D50 / 21-04 50 / -- Electrical . 183D5010 / 21-04 50 10 / -- Facility Power Generation. 183D5020 / 21-04 50 20 / Ss 70 30 Electrical Service and Distribution . 185D5030 / 21-04 50 30 / Ss 70 30 45 45 General Purpose Electrical Power . 189D5040 / 21-04 50 40 / Ss 70 80 Lighting . 191D5080 / 21-04 50 80 / Ss 70 Miscellaneous Electrical Systems . 194D60 / 21-04 60 / Ss 75 10 Communications . 195D6010 / 21-04 60 10 / Ss 75 10 21 21 Data Communications . 195D6020 / 21-04 60 20 / Ss 75 10 21 88 Voice Communications . 197D6030 / 21-04 60 30 / -- Audio-Video Communication . 198D6060 / 21-04 60 60 / Ss 75 70 54 15 Distributed Communications and Monitoring . 198D6090 / 21-04 60 90 / Ss 75 10 Communications Supplementary Components . 198D70 / 21-04 70 / Ss 75 40 Electronic Safety and Security . 198D7010 / 21-04 70 10 / Ss 75 40 Access Control and Intrusion Detection .
LOD Specification task force has been working with software developers to provide a means within the software of tagging individual elements within a model with their current LOD level. 1 AIA Contract Document G202-2013, Building Information Modeling Protocol Form is part of a series of digital practice documents the AIA published in June 2013.
