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Web version Update preferences UnsubscribeTABLE OF CONTENTS PRESIDENT'SMESSAGE EXECUTIVEDIRECTOR'SREPORT CONFERENCECORNER A NASAP TOP 10 DAN ECKSTEIN: INMEMORIUM THE COURAGE TOENCOURAGE ANOTHER ADLERIANPASSES ON: MARYBEAMES WELLNESS FORLIFE: CONNECTIONS A SYSTEM FORENCOURAGEMENT A CALL FORMANUSCRIPTS A CALL TOANNOUNCE YOURBOOKS PUBLICATIONANNOUNCEMENTNASAP NewsletterSeptember/October,2013Jamie Stone O'Brien,EditorForwardPRESIDENT'S MESSAGEDear NASAP Family,Recently one of my formerstudents, who teaches inMontana, invited me to be aguest speaker (via Skype) inher “Theories of Counselingand Psychotherapy” course.The students had read aboutAdlerian therapy, so I spentthe first half of the classclarifying key points ofAdlerian psychology andtherapy and the last halfanswering questions. Of allthe questions asked, the one Iliked best was: “What do youlike best about Adleriantherapy?” Given there are somany things to like about the Adlerian approach (what’s not to like?), Ihad to pause for moment to thoughtfully respond to the student’squestion. I began my answer by explaining that Adlerian theory andtherapy is an integration of psychodynamic, cognitive, behavioral,systemic, and existential/humanistic perspectives. It was the firststrength-based approach, the original positive psychology. It is anencouragement-focused approach that optimistically emphasizeshumans’ assets and capabilities rather than their deficits anddisabilities. Then, I provided a specific answer to the originalquestion: “What do I like best? I like the fact that Adlerian theory’sintegrative perspective and optimistic focus allows me to be atherapeutic chameleon in my work with clients.” I could see thestudents via Skype and it was fun watching them thinking about whata therapeutic chameleon might be. After giving them a minute toprocess the idea, I told them that the beauty of the Adlerian approachto therapy is its flexibility. Adlerians can be both theoreticallyconsistent and technically eclectic. Different clients may require

Next submission duedate is December 1st,2013.Please send submissions,questions, and/orcomments [email protected] therapeutic metaphors. One client may prefer a narrativeoriented approach, another a solution-focused orientation, and yetanother a cognitive-behavioral or systemic one. Adlerian therapy’scomprehensive theory allows the therapist to do whatever is in thebest interest of his or her client, rather than forcing the client—and hisor her unique situation—into a narrow, inflexible framework; that is, itallows the therapist to be a therapeutic chameleon.I’m interested in your feedback about these ideas. Please feel invitedto contact me.Be encouraged and encouraging to others.Richard E. Watts, Ph.D., NASAP PresidentPhone: 936/294-4658Email:[email protected] DIRECTOR'S REPORTWe are busy organizing thenumerous proposals that are comingin for the NASAP Conference, May22-25, 2014, in Chicago, IL. It lookslike it should be a great conferencewith some presenters that wehaven’t seen at NASAP for a while.This should make for a stimulatinglearning experience for all.I just returned from the SouthCarolina Society of AdlerianPsychology Fall Conference inMyrtle Beach and it was another wonderful success. This is their 31styear of running the practitioner’s conference each September.We are now gearing up for the Council of Representatives (COR)meeting in Fort Wayne. The COR meets twice a year; once at theannual conference and again in the fall to do it’s main work. The CORwill be selecting the conference presentations from among thosesubmitted and with the board of directors will be setting the directionsfor NASAP for the next year or so. The COR is composed of therepresentatives from each Section and also representatives fromthose Affiliate Organizations that have at least 5 general members(Professional, Student, Retired, Family) of NASAP. This year will bethe COR’s first meeting in Fort Wayne as a group and so we arehoping that they will find Fort Wayne a comfortable and welcomingvenue. Since we’re not in Hershey, I’m sure some will have achocolate craving just because they are used to filling up this timeeach year. So we’ve planned a tour of Fort Wayne’s own DebrandChocolate factory just for a slight diversion. The COR will also be

nominating members for the offices of Vice-President, Secretary,Treasurer, Section Liaison and Affiliate Liaison. These elections willtake place in the late winter or early spring. If you have any interest inone of these offices and are willing to serve or you wish to suggestsomeone for one of these positions, call one of the COR members –they are listed under governance on our webpage or contact SteveStein, our past-president who coordinates the nominations.I got an interesting note from Jane Griffith this month. She brought anarticle to my attention that she wanted me to share with some of you.It’s in the NewScientist Magazine. The article, Chance inheritance:The subtle power of birth order by Lesley Evans Ogden BEGINS withthe following sentence:The psychiatrist Alfred Adler, a contemporary of Sigmund Freud, wasconvinced that our place among our siblings influences what hetermed “style of life.” (NewScientist, Vol 219 (2933), September 7-13,2013, pp 41-43.The magazine has a website also – www.newscientist.com. Theywon’t let you read a lot but you can find out where to get the completearticle. Jane’s son, Robert Rushing, D.C., brought the article to herattention and she thought many of our members would be interested.Speaking of articles online, you may enjoy spending an afternoonbrowsing some of the articles on our new webpage,www.AdlerJournals.com where you can find digital copies of theIndividual Psychologist from 1963 to 1978 (Volumes 1 thru 15) and theJournal of Individual Psychology (under various titles) from vol. 1(1940) thru vol. 29 (1973). The Journal of Individual Psychology after1973 is available online through EBSCO. The journals on thiswebpage, www.adlerjournals.com are available for all to use. Thereare also links to the following Google Books:The Neurotic Constitution: Outlines of a Comparative IndividualisticPsychology and Psychotherapy (A. Adler, 1917)Study of Organ Inferiority and Its Psychical Compensation: AContribution to Clinical Medicine (A. Adler, 1917)Praxis und Theorie der Individual-psychologie: Vorträge zurEinführung in die Psychotherapie. (A. Adler, 1920)Unfortunately the eBook: Über den nervösen Charakter (A. Adler,1922) has a link but it is not available any longer in eBook format.Earl Heinrich and his staff at the Adler Graduate School in Richfield,MN meticulously prepared this collection. His team’s work wassupported by a grant from the Clonick Publications Fund. Hopefully,we will be able to add a few more things to this collection online.Many of these journals were provided by the Adler School ofProfessional Psychology’s library in Chicago and also by WesWingett’s extensive personal collection of journals. It is in keeping

with our purpose to provide these journals to the public for their use. Ibelieve Adler would approve.Some of you may be surprised at who some of the authors of theseearly articles in the journals of Individual Psychology are. AmongDreikurs and Alexandra and Kurt Adler of course are Leo Gold, Willardand Marguerite Beecher, Heinz and Rowena Ansbacher, AntonyBruck, Lydia Sicher, Phyllis Bottome, Sofie Lazarsfeld, BernardShulman, Sophie de Vries, Loren Grey, Eva Dreikurs Ferguson, Heleneand Ernst Papanek, Bronia Grunwald, Oskar Spiel, Paul Rom, DanicaDeutsch, Albert Ellis, Gardner Murphy, Adrian van Kaam, HadleyCantril, Abraham Maslow, Paul Tillich, O. Hobart Mowrer, Viktor E.Frankl, Sidney M. Jourard, Harold Mosak, Ira Progoff, and manymore.I feel like I’m forgetting to update you about something important but . . if that’s the case, I’ll be sending out an email to you.And, don’t forget to join AchieveLinks. You can earn points and helppay your dues. You can even have your friends join and send theirpoints to you – or collect them for themselves and eventually joinNASAP.Sign up or log in to AchieveLinks today, it’s simple, it’s easy and thereis no cost to you as a member of NASAP . Visithttp://nasap.achievelinks.com today!Have a great fall season!John F. NewbauerCONFERENCE CORNERBy the time you read this, all proposals will have been received for the2014 Conference (to be held in Chicago, May 22-25) and the Boardand COR will be finalizing plans at our October meeting! Thank you ifyou submitted a proposal! Thank you also if you completed theconference survey that John Newbauer, Executive Director, sent outthis past summer to all members. We will be reviewing those results atthe upcoming Board/COR meeting.If I were to send out an addendum to that survey, this is theinformation and question I would include:An overview: As you know, in the past few years two-day registrationhas been 350 for professionals ( 150 for students andnonprofessionals). Those who were NASAP general members andregistered in the early bird period got a reduction of 50. The Saturdayevening banquet has been included in all two-day registrations, andluncheons have averaged about 50 each for Friday and Saturday.Hotel room rates vary depending on location. They wereapproximately 150 per night the past two years. In Chicago they will

be 199. The reason the Saturday evening banquet has beenincluded in the registration fee is so that attendees can enjoy this finalevent together (rather than the previous format of holding excursionson the final evening that inadvertently segregated the group).Now for the question: If you had a choice regarding conference costsfor Chicago, which would you prefer:a) to keep things as they are: the registration at 350 (assumingmembership and early bird discounts will lower it to 300), to keep theluncheons at 50, and to keep the hotel rate at 199, ORb) to raise the registration to 450 (assuming membership and earlybird discounts will lower it to 400), to reduce the cost of luncheons,and to keep the hotel rate at 199, ORc) to keep the registration at 350 (assuming membership and earlybird discounts will lower it to 300) and, to reduce the costs ofluncheons, raise the hotel rate to 269, ORd) to raise the registration to 450 (assuming membership and earlybird discounts will lower it to 400), to include the luncheons, and tolower the hotel rate to maybe 179 .etc., etc.Kind of confusing, isn’t it? This is what the board has to consider yearafter year. On a regular basis conference attendees question thecosts. Additionally, members sometimes point out that they find otherways to register at the hotel at rates lower than the conference rate.Thus, the Board has asked that I explain why this is and how we setcosts.I hear time and time again from the sales managers at our hotels thatwe are an expensive group to host. What they mean is that we use alot of space for the size of our group. We typically reserve eightbreakout rooms, a room for the bookstore, and large meeting spacesfor meals and meetings such as the Ansbacher Lecture and Plenarysessions. What has been explained to me is that a hotel has aminimum they can expect from a group’s use of the square footage.They need to recoup it either from guest room income, food andbeverage sales, space rental or a combination of all. Large groups canspread the expense among their participants more affordably.Let me give you a case in point. We are holding our 2014 conferenceat the Intercontinental in Downtown Chicago in 2014. After sendingout a request to all hotels in Chicago that hold conferences, they wereone of a few that had space available in the window of time when wewanted to meet (mid-May to late June). Of the few, theIntercontinental offered us the best contract. Originally, they wanted 269 per night for a guest room and wanted us to pay a 15,000rental for the conference breakout rooms and large meeting spaces.As a result of telling them that our members would not pay over 200a night and some negotiation, we were able to get them to offer theroom rate at 199. We were able to waive the 15,000 rental fee formeeting space if we agreed to purchase a minimum of 24,000 foodand beverage according to their menu prices. Another option we

could have considered to cover the rental fee was to raise theregistration by 100.Please be assured we don’t plan to raise the price of registration, butin order to cover the expenses in our contracts we count on you, theparticipants, to register to stay at the hosting hotel, and to purchasesthe luncheons if it is within your budget (including the Saturdayevening dinner in the registration helps us toward our food minimum).Hopefully, this gives you a better understanding of establishing thecosts of the conference.P.S. In San Diego, I took the “Hop On Hop Off” trolley. When passingthe San Diego Convention Center the driver and said that recently ithosted a convention for Comic Enthusiasts. The registration topped150,000! It’s hard to imagine, isn’t it?by Becky LaFountain, Conference CoordinatorA NASAP TOP 10The Top 10 Reasons You Should Be Excitedly Booking Your May,2014 Conference Trip to Chicago10. The conference is being held on Michigan Avenue, aka. TheMagnificent Mile, with shopping and eating and sightseeing galore!9. You can tour the NEW Adler School of Professional Psychology.8. It might – just might – be warm enough for the architectural boattour. Total tourist trap. Totally worth it (I might even do it yet again ).7. The conference is opening up with an actual Open Family Forum!6. If you are a fan of Top Chef, Chicago boasts 6 (Yes, 6!!! - at my lastcount, anyway) kitchens run by Top Chef contestants. I dare you to tryto hit them all in one weekend.5. For you seasoned Adlerians, proximity will allow for an abundanceof budding student Adlerians who are yearning to soak up yourknowledge and marvel at your contributions to NASAP. And whodoesn’t love a little healthy adoration now and again?4. Chicago’s expansive and efficient public transportation system willallow you to hit all those Top Chef restaurants, the boat tour, sportsgames, etc., without having to miss much of the convention.3. The incredibly inclusive conference topic is drawing interest fromnew and exciting presenters!2. If you come in a day early, you can go to a Cubs game while theystill have a chance to make the World Series!

1. The Conference Committee is going to unveil a new, refreshedconference schedule that’s sure to leave us all abuzz! (stay tuned tofuture newsletters for that unveiling)DAN ECKSTEIN: IN MEMORIUMDan Eckstein1947-2013The first time I ever saw Dan Eckstein, he appeared “out of place.”It was in 1995 at my first NASAP Delegate Assembly meeting inChicago. I knew none of the thirty or so people who sat around themany tables that formed a large rectangle and felt a littleuncomfortable with this new group of strangers, most of who knewone another from previous meetings. All wore attire appropriate forsuch a meeting except for one who came in just before the meetingbegan. Dan was wearing a sweatshirt and orange baseball cap andwhile it was also his first meeting, his ready smile and the humility thathe reflected made him my target at the first break we took. Ouraffection for one another was immediate and that day we began asuccession of more than 50 days of meetings over the next nine yearsduring which we almost always sat side by side. My love of makingpeople laugh and his ready sense of humor were a perfect fit, albeit attimes disruptive to the “serious” matters being discussed at any givenmoment.NASAP has been a great gift for me in many different ways, but notany as important as the many relationships it has allowed me to formwith people that I would never have known. My “brother” Dan wasone of them. Whenever I thought of him, I smiled. He so loved life.Once when I was in graduate school, I saw a black and white posterof an old tombstone in a cemetery. It was cloudy and in winter, asone could see by the barren trees. In the upper left hand corner inwhite letter it read “Most people die when they are 30 ” Then asyour eyes scanned the graveyard scene to the bottom right handcorner, you saw additional white letters that read “they are just notburied for another 40 years.” I stared at that picture for some timeand made myself a promise ”Not me! I will learn to surf when I am70!” Dan was a wonderful example of living and growing every day ofyour life. His childlike exuberance for new adventures was both riskyand growth producing for we only move forward by leaving what weknow for sure. Like most Adlerians that I have known, Dan was amodel for courage, trying new things, and learning something usefulwith every decision.I lost count of the number of times that he wrote to me and sharedthe next new job that he was offered and that this one was going to bethe dream job of all time. Sometimes they did not work out so well,and while Dan would always give 110% to any effort in which he was

engaged, he would be saddened to learn that he was perceived as“out of place” and soon be on his way to his next stop in life’sjourney. That journey seemed to take him from the tropics to coldclimates in a repeated fashion. When he recently shared hisexcitement about the San Diego job he was to begin in September, Iresponded by congratulating him—not for landing his latest “dreamjob,” but for becoming the highest paid migrant worker in America.Dan had many highs and lows throughout his life. He accepted thehighs with great emotion and humility and the lows as opportunities togrow. After being drafted by the Green Bay Packers, he was the lastman cut from their roster. Some would have turned to drinking ordrugs Dan turned to pages in a book that he wrote so others couldlearn from his experience. This was just one of more than 20 booksand countless articles that he wrote through his illustrious career as ateacher, author, researcher, consultant, and therapist. I never sawhim engaged in any of those roles where he was not loving, sensitiveto the needs of others, and emotional. He shed more tears than anyman I have ever known because of the deep connection that he felt forall others. He tried to help all those who might be experiencingdifficulties with words of encouragement or personal examples fromthe numerous times that he had made something even better aftersustaining a fall. His love of God and others was reflected in all he didand said.I will miss my friend, brother, and encourager greatly tears flow asI write these words. With his childlike desire to “see” and explore,Dan climbed the side of a cliff to get a better look at the river belowand God’s creations all around. He slipped and fell to his death. Butthis greatest of all falls that my friend experienced gave birth to hismost glorious ascension! For while we often act like the many thingsthat complicate our lives are a matter of “life and death,” the truth isthat everything is a matter of death and life. “Dynamo” Dan will neverbe out of place again.-Jim SullimanTHE COURAGE TO ENCOURAGEThe Courage to Encourage: An Action Study on an AdlerianTraining Workshop for Elementary School TeachersAn ongoing Adlerian workshop on classroomleadership/management skills for 26 elementary school teachers inTaipei, Taiwan has been conducted since summer, 2012, and willcontinue until summer, 2014. This training workshop is sponsored bythe MOXA Foundation, a nonprofit organization whose mission is toadvocate for better environment, education, and health in thecommunity. The workshop is free to the participants with provisions ofmeals, refreshments, and honorarium for the workshop leaders. In

addition, the Foundation provides ongoing secretarial and volunteers’help for the project. At the time of the present writing, there have been21 sessions (6 hours per session) completed. The format includeslecture, supervision, small groups that encourage intimate interactionsand large group discussions led by a team of three leaders (theauthors) and the project coordinator.Encouragement training was the main focus for the workshop duringthe first half year. Initially, the trainees encountered some challenges.Teachers expressed difficulties of implementing active encouragementin the classroom. It was easy for the teachers to differentiate theconcepts between praise and encouragement but very hard topractice true encouragement with students. The authors rephrasedthe obstacles shared by the teachers and organized their narrativesinto 45 items of concerns. From these concerns, the authors wereable to pinpoint five factors that underlined these difficulties whenpracticing encouragement. They were a) personality/beliefs, such asbeing more prone to reason than to encourage, b) strategic deficits,such as using a monotone voice and routine wording, c)environmental threats, such as perceived conflicts with othercolleagues, d) pressure, such as a heavy workload, and e) studentteacher interactions, such as children misbehaving. When comparedto the teachers (n 74) who did not participate in the workshop, the“Adlerian” teachers significantly perceived their environment to be lessthreatening and friendlier. No difference was found between these twogroups for the other four factors.As suggested by the results of the study, environmental threats as adiscouraing factor for teachers to implement encouragement inschools is an critical issue which may influence the outcome ofteacher training. The authors speculate that the expressed difficultieshad more to do with the teachers’ perceptions than their strategicrhetoric practices of encouragement. An analysis of the teachernarratives suggests that Adlerian training significantly helped theteachers to become aware of the possible environmental factors whenthey take courage to face, treat, deal with, and eventually reducethreats. Based on the Adlerian beliefs in social interest, the authorsrecommend that teachers could be empowered through an openforum where teachers can systematically address issues and barriersexisting in schools that may prevent teachers from offeringencouragement to students.- Dr. Yuh-Yin Wu, Dr. Ying-Shi Chang, Jane Wu, Dr. Shu-Chen WuANOTHER ADLERIAN PASSES ON: MARYBEAMESThe Island Adlerian Group on Vancouver Island recently lost a memberof their community. Mary Beames was not a trained Adlerian, but sheactively attended meetings for many years. Mary was the wife of the

late Tom Beames, who taught at the Adler School in Vancouver whilehe worked as a counselor and wrote a handbook of Adlerian terms. Itwas through her husband that Mary became acquainted with Adleriantheory and her Adlerian community valued the ‘common sense’ thatshe brought to their meetings. She will be missed.WELLNESS FOR LIFE: CONNECTIONSAs I begin typing, I’m aware of a number ofthoughts racing across my mind. I findmyself starting to sort those that arepertinent to this piece. In doing so, arandom, fleeting thread comes to theforefront: Fall is almost here, yet there maybe some lingering thoughts about summer.Seems like summer has become strikinglyevident by way of the usual tell tale signs:hot, hotter, hottest, and in some places. Well, before I divulge thedescriptors, thought you’d like to be aware of the origin, in order tofully convert one’s mindset. If any of you, and I know some are,familiar with Texas chili or hot sauce, then. And, for those of you whoare not acquainted, let’s say, there’s quite a recognition range on thetaste buds thermometer, to the adjectives / names given. Getting backto this revelation, “Beware: Comatose Heat” explosive. That aboutsums it up at the far end.Okay, in order to keep the balance, the other end of the spectrumcould be, “Toad Sweat” slightly hot. I don’t know about you, but I’mnot versed on how/if toads sweat. So, let me know if any of you couldshed a bit of light on this. Some of you may not have thought ofsummer in quite this manner. There’s a first time for everything!When presented with the word, “connections”, one’s mind interpretsan array of possibilities such as work and play, challenges and faith,music and memories, parent and child, mind and body, curiosity andknowledge, travel and transportation linkage, spirituality and healing,animals and people, young person and MP3 / XBOX, teacher andstudent, the distance between point A and point B, soap and water,vinegar and oil, a bat and ball or even peanut butter and jelly. Anotherperspective can be links of a chain or living cells constantly in motionproviding some function.Category-wise, we may be drawing attention in terms ofacquaintance, associate, affiliation, alliance, association, attachment,bond, correlation, link, partnership, or even collaboration. In simpleterms - ‘person who aids another in achieving a goal, something thatconnects, links, something that communicates, relates.’(Thesaurus.com)

They are as abstract or concrete as their uniqueness. They can be of apositive nature or a challenge in life and can even defy logic.How many of us stop and notice we’re making a connection? We’remore likely to acknowledge it in its entirety rather than its parts.Interestingly enough, a British professor and science historian by thename of James Burke had the same idea. During 1978, he produced aten-part series documentary tracing the historical interrelationshipsbetween invention and discovery, which aired on the BBC. It was agreat success. As a result, it was brought across the pond to watch inAmerica. He contends that there is a direct, successive connectionutilizing an interdisciplinary approach interlinking discoveries, scientificachievements and events in viewing history and the world todayespecially reflecting areas of modern technology.Burke‘s assertion of focusing on the whole is based on Gestaltpsychology: the aspect of perception. For example, when we seesomething like a flower, it initially registers as a flower before therecognition of the stamen, pistol, petals, stigma, peduncle, etc. - itsparts. Thus proposing that the whole is greater than the total of itsparts. We see it for what it is - a flower.There may be times in life that may require medical expertise.Whatever the situation, you want to feel confident, trusting, becomfortable in speaking with and have the ability to contact thephysician if requiring anything. At the same time after following theirdos and don’ts, you want to go on your merry way with their blessingsto resume your ‘abi-normal’.routine LIFE. Some of you can relate: connect.Medicine is unceasing in change, particularly in finding treatments andcures that continually challenge us. In the pursuit, I wonder if the focushas become too narrow and lost, a highly regarded entity along theway, qualities of “the ol’ fashioned doc”. The one that set ‘time’ thatwasn’t timed, per say, allowing for both discussion and “true listening:ability to hear and understand where the patient is coming from inorder to ease concerns or fears.”In other words - communication at its finest connection. It is aquality rarely seen today, yet I can attest, it is out there. You see, thiswas shared with me by a young doctor who discovered how valuablethis is during her residency. She not only continues practice this, sheadvocates its importance with other physicians.So before I come to the 360 degrees point - close, I’d like to share acouple of things I came across while researching.Everything the Power of the WorldEverything the Power of the World doesis done in a circle. The sky is round,and I have heard that the earth is round

like a ball, and so are all the stars.The wind, in its greatest power, whirls.Birds make their nests in circles,for theirs is the same religion as ours.The sun comes forth and goes down againin a circle. The moon does the same,and both are round. Even the seasonsfor a great circle in their changing,and always come back again to where they were.The life of man is a circle from childhood to childhood, and so it is ineverything where power moves. Black Elk told through John G. NeihardtAnother secret from Harry and Mabel Stout of Hagerstown, MD,celebrated their 75th Anniversary on 9/5/99: “You shouldn’t get madand stay mad. If you have a little spat once in a while, get over it.” Oneof their sons, Ron Frank believed that the foundation of theirsuccessful marriage: “is due to their connection to family andconnection to each other. He said they “just thrive on life.”- By Sheri & Bob Stritof marriage.about.comAs we go about our daily lives, we all have something in common:connections. It’s up to you, both young and seasoned. My daily Rx(prescription) for you, “May you strive toward true connections!”Stay well and hydrated.Warm FuzziesA SYSTEM FOR ENCOURAGEMENTA Systematic Encouragement Training Program for TaiwaneseParents and TeachersTaipei, TaiwanAdlerians believe that the use of encouragement is important forparents and teachers when educating children. Encouragement couldhelp parents to improve relationships with children and create anatmosphere of cooperation and mutual respect in family settings.Encouragement is also a key factor to learning in classroomenvironments. Nevertheless, few parents and teachers experience thevalue of encouragement, let alone know how to encourage children.Adlerians also recognize that systematic training is the best way foreffective training program (Evans, 1996). The article presents asystematic encouragement training program in Taiwan that proved to

be effective for parents of kindergartners and teachers of participatingelementary schools.Five Advantages of the Word Based Encouragement Training ProgramEncouragement can be defined as “a process that focuses on theindividual’s resources and potential in order to enhance self-esteemand self-acceptance” (Dinkmeyer & Eckstein, 1996, p.7). The basicmethods of encouragement

Phone: 936/294-4658 Email:[email protected] . Journal of Individual Psychology (under various titles) from vol. 1 (1940) thru vol. 29 (1973). The Journal of Individual Psychology after . Contribution to Clinical Medicine (A. Adler, 1917) Praxis und Theorie der Individual-psychologie: Vorträge zur