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TeachEngineering.org – Free STEM Curriculum for K-12Obtaining reliable fresh water suppliesfrom challenging water sources
Fresh Water NeedsTeachEngineering.org – Free STEM Curriculum for K-12 Economic expansion Agriculture and food Public health Quality of life
Why Desalination?TeachEngineering.org – Free STEM Curriculum for K-12 75% of the Earth’s surfaceis covered by water 97.5% of that water is oceans Only 1% is available for drinking 80 countries suffered from waterscarcity by the mid-1990s 1.5 billion people lack ready accessto drinking waterShow video index flash.html
TeachEngineering.org – Free STEM Curriculum for K-12Can we drink salt water?The Rime of the Ancient MarinerWater, water, everywhereAnd all the boards did shrinkWater, water, everywhereNor any drop to drink-Samuel Taylor Coleridge Small quantities are not harmful, but it is counterproductive(it just makes you more thirsty!) Eventually, it can be dangerous, ultimately producing fatalseizures, heart arrhythmias and kidney failure
TeachEngineering.org – Free STEM Curriculum for K-12Natural Desalination: Water Cycle!Major Stages1. Evaporation2. Condensation3. Precipitation4. Collection
Desalination Technologies1. Thermal Desalination ProcessesTeachEngineering.org – Free STEM Curriculum for K-12 Similar to the Earth’s natural water cycle Water is heated, evaporated and collected Produces clean water and brineExample: Multi-Stage Flash Desalination Process uses multiple boiling chambers kept atdifferent atmospheric pressures Saltwater enters the system and is boiled andevaporated in each chamber Process produces clean water and brine
Desalination Technologies2. Membrane Desalination ProcessesTeachEngineering.org – Free STEM Curriculum for K-12 Saltwater is forced through membrane sheets at highpressures Membrane sheets are designed to catch salt ions Process produces clean water and brineExample: Reverse Osmosis Saltwater is forced through a membrane at600 to 1000 psi Multiple layers of membranes remove asmany of the salt ions as possible
Desalination Plantsaround the WorldTeachEngineering.org – Free STEM Curriculum for K-12Jabel Ali Desalination Station in Dubai Capacity: 140 million gallons per day Opened June 2010
TeachEngineering.org – Free STEM Curriculum for K-12More Desalination PlantsAbu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (3)Aruba (1)Australia (3 in use, 3 under construction, 1 planned)Cyprus (1)Israel (3 in use, 2 under construction)USA Yuma (Arizona), opened 1992 El Paso (Texas) opened 2004 Tampa Bay (Florida) opened 2007 Monterey (California), in the planning stagesRepublic of Trinidad and Tobago (1)
Systems and System Diagrams System: An object that receives inputs and transforms them into outputsTeachEngineering.org – Free STEM Curriculum for K-12 System diagram: A block diagram that describes operation of a n aporatorbrinebrinewaste tankExample: This plant uses two evaporators andcondensers along with a membrane filter to cleansaltwater (follow the arrows though the diagram)
TeachEngineering.org – Free STEM Curriculum for K-12
TeachEngineering.org – Free STEM Curriculum for K-12References Thirsty? How ‘bout a cool, refreshing cup of seawater?, USGS Water Science forSchools, Updated March 29, 2010. U. S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department ofthe Interior. Accessed May 1, ml Texas A&M AgriLife: Texas Water. Texas A&M University. Water ResourcesEducation. Accessed May 1, 2010. http://texaswater.tamu.edu/ Wikipedia.org, Wikipedia Foundation Inc., Accessed May 1, 2010. (Source ofvocabulary definitions with some adaptation.) http://wikipedia.org Desalination, Existing facilities and facilities under construction. Wikipedia:the free encyclopedia. Accessed May 29, 2010.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desalination
Image tos/dec04/k11662-1.htmTeachEngineering.org – Free STEM Curriculum for K-12Wheat: ity Amerigo vespucci 1976 nyc aufgetakelt.jpgSonoran desert soil: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drought.jpgGirl with hose: Microsoft clipart Ocean: Microsoft clipart
Image sourcesThermal desalination process er.htmlTeachEngineering.org – Free STEM Curriculum for K-12Desalination plant tmlWater cycle mlMembrane diagram created by Juan Ramirez Jr., ITLProgram, College of Engineering, University ofColorado at Boulder, 2009Flow chart created by Juan Ramirez Jr., ITLProgram, College of Engineering, University ofColorado at Boulder, 2009
Economic expansion Agriculture and food Public health Quality of life. Fresh Water Needs. TeachEngineering.org Free STEM Curriculum for K-12
