
Transcription
Cloud connectorE-Series SystemsNetAppJune 10, 2022This PDF was generated from ctor/index.html onJune 10, 2022. Always check docs.netapp.com for the latest.
Table of ContentsCloud connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Overview of the SANtricity Cloud Connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1System requirements for Cloud Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Install SANtricity Cloud Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Configure the SANtricity Cloud Connector for the first time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Log into the SANtricity Cloud Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Restores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Modify the SANtricity Cloud Connector settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Uninstall the SANtricity Cloud Connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Cloud connectorOverview of the SANtricity Cloud ConnectorThe SANtricity Cloud Connector is a host-based Linux application that enables you toperform full block-based and file-based backup and recovery of E-Series volumes to S3complaint accounts (for example, Amazon Simple Storage Service and NetAppStorageGRID) and NetApp AltaVault appliance.Available for installation on RedHat and SUSE Linux platforms, the SANtricity Cloud Connector is a packagedsolution (.bin file). After you install SANtricity Cloud Connector, you can configure the application to performbackup and restore jobs for E-Series volumes to an AltaVault appliance or to your existing Amazon S3 orStorageGRID accounts. All jobs performed through the SANtricity Cloud Connector use REST-based APIs.The SANtricity Cloud Connector tool is deprecated and no longer available for download.ConsiderationsWhen using these procedures, be aware that: Configuration and backup/restore jobs described in these procedures apply to the graphical user interfaceversion of the SANtricity Cloud Connector. REST API workflows for the SANtricity Cloud Connector application are not described in these procedures.For experienced developers, endpoints are available for each SANtricity Cloud Connector operation underthe API documentation. The API documentation is accessible by navigating tohttp:// hostname.domain : port /docs through a browser.Types of backupsThe SANtricity Cloud Connector provides two types of backups: image-based and file-based backups. Image-based backupAn image-based backup reads the raw data blocks from a snapshot volume and backs them up to a fileknown as an image. All of the data blocks on the snapshot volume are backed up, including empty blocks,blocks occupied by deleted files, blocks associated with partitioning, and filesystem metadata. Imagebackups have the advantage of storing all information with the snapshot volume regardless of thepartitioning scheme or filesystems on it.The image is not stored on the Backup Target as a single file, but is instead broken up into a series of datachunks, which are 64MB in size. The data chunks allow SANtricity Cloud Connector to use multipleconnections to the backup target, thereby improving the performance of the backup process.For backups to StorageGRID and Amazon Web Services (S3), each data chunk uses a separateencryption key to encrypt the chunk. The key is a SHA256 hash consisting of the combination of a usersupplied passphrase and the SHA256 hash of the user data. For backups to AltaVault, SANtricity CloudConnector does not encrypt the data chunks as AltaVault performs this operation. File-based backupA file-based backup reads the files contained with a filesystem partition and backs them up into a series of1
data chunks that are 64MB in size. A file-based backup does not back up deleted files or partitioning andfilesystem metadata. As with image-based backups, the data chunks allow SANtricity Cloud Connector touse multiple connections to the backup target, thereby improving performance of the backup process.For backups to StorageGRID and Amazon Web Services, each data chunk uses a separate encryption keyto encrypt the chunk. The key is a SHA256 hash consisting of the combination of user-supplied passphrase and the SHA256 hash of the user data. For backups to AltaVault, the data chunks are not encryptedby SANtricity Cloud Connector because AltaVault performs this operation.System requirements for Cloud ConnectorYour system must meet compatibility requirements for the SANtricity Cloud Connector.Host hardware requirementsYour hardware must meet the following minimum requirements: At least 5 GB of memory; 4 GB for the maximum configured heap size At least 5 GB of free disk space is required from the software installationYou must install the SANtricity Web Services Proxy to use the SANtricity Cloud Connector. You can install theWeb Services Proxy locally or you can run the application remotely on a different sever. For information oninstalling the SANtricity Web Services Proxy, see the Web Services Proxy topics.Supported browsersThe following browsers are supported with the SANtricity Cloud Connector application (minimum versionsnoted): Firefox v31 Google Chrome v47 Microsoft Internet Explorer v11 Microsoft Edge, EdgeHTML 12 Safari v9API documentation for the SANtricity Cloud Connector application will not load when using theCompatibility View setting within the Microsoft Internet Explorer v11 browser. To ensure the APIdocumentation displays properly under the Microsoft Internet Explorer v11 browser, it isrecommended that the Compatibility View setting is disabled.Compatible storage arrays and controller firmwareYou should verify the compatibility of your storage arrays and firmware before using the SANtricity CloudConnector application.For a complete and up-to-date listing of all compatible storage arrays and firmware for the SANtricity CloudConnector, see the NetApp Interoperability Matrix Tool.2
Compatible operating systemsThe SANtricity Cloud Connector 4.0 application is compatible with and supported on the following operatingsystems:Operating SystemVersionArchitectureRed Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)7.x64 bitSUSE Linux Enterprise Server(SLES)12.x64 bitSupported file systemsYou must use supported file systems to perform backups and restores through the SANtricity Cloud Connectorapplication.The following file systems are supported for backup and restore operations under the SANtricity CloudConnector application: ext2 ext3 ext4Install SANtricity Cloud ConnectorThe SANtricity Cloud Connector packaged solution (.bin file) is available for RedHat andSUSE Linux platforms only.You can install the SANtricity Cloud Connector application through graphical mode or console mode on acompatible Linux operating system. During the installation process, you must specify the non-SSL and SSLport numbers for the SANtricity Cloud Connector. When installed, the SANtricity Cloud Connector runs as adaemon process.The SANtricity Cloud Connector tool is deprecated and no longer available for download.Before you beginReview the following notes: If SANtricity Web Services Proxy is already installed on the same server as the SANtricity CloudConnector, conflicts will occur between non-SSL port numbers and SSL port numbers conflicts. In thiscase, choose appropriate numbers for the non-SSL port and the SSL port during the SANtricity CloudConnector installation. If any hardware changes are performed on your host, re-install the SANtricity Cloud Connector applicationto ensure encryption consistency. Backups created through version 3.1 of the SANtricity Cloud Connector application are not compatible withversion 4.0 of the SANtricity Cloud Connector application. If you intend to maintain these backups, youmust continue to use your previous version of the SANtricity Cloud Connector. To ensure successfulinstallation of separate 3.1 and 4.0 releases of the SANtricity Cloud Connector, unique port numbers must3
be assigned for each version of the application.Install Device Mapper Multipath (DM-MP)Any host running the SANtricity Cloud Connector also must run Linux Device Mapper Multipath (DM-MP) andhave the multipath-tools package installed.The SANtricity Cloud Connector discovery process relies on the multipath tools package for discovery andrecognition of the volumes and files to backup or restore. For more information on how to set up and configurethe Device Mapper, see the SANtricity Storage Manager Multipath Drivers Guide for the release of SANtricityyou are using under the E-Series and SANtricity Document Resources.Install Cloud ConnectorYou can install SANtricity Cloud Connector on Linux operating systems in either graphical mode or consolemode.Graphical modeYou can use graphical mode to install the SANtricity Cloud Connector on a Linux operating system.Before you beginDesignate a host location for the SANtricity Cloud Connector installation.Steps1. Download the SANtricity Cloud Connector installation file to the desired host location.2. Open a terminal window.3. Navigate to the directory file containing the SANtricity Cloud Connector installation file.4. Start the SANtricity Cloud Connector installation process:./cloudconnector-xxxx.bin –i guiIn this command, xxxx designates the version number of the application.The Installer window is displayed.5. Review the Introduction statement, and then click Next.The License Agreement for NetApp, Inc. Software is displayed within the installer window.6. Accept the terms of the License Agreement, and then click Next.The Backups created with previous releases of SANtricity Cloud Connector page is displayed.7. To acknowledge the Backups created with previous releases of SANtricity Cloud Connector message, clickNext.To install version 4.0 of the SANtricity Cloud Connector while maintaining a previous version,unique port numbers must be assigned for each version of the application.4
The Choose Install page is displayed within the Installer window. The Where Would You Like to Install fielddisplays the following default install folder: opt/netapp/santricity cloud connector4/8. Choose one of the following options: To accept the default location, click Next. To change the default location, enter a new folder location. An Enter the Non SSL Jetty Port Numberpage is displayed. A default value of 8080 is assigned to the non-SSL port.9. Choose one of the following options: To accept the default SSL port number, click Next. To change the default SSL port number, enter the new desired port number value.10. Choose one of the following options: To accept the default Non SSL port number, click Next. To change the default Non SSL port number, enter the new desired port number value. The PreInstallation Summary page is displayed.11. Review the displayed Pre-Installation Summary, and then click Install.The installation of the SANtricity Cloud Connector begins and a Webserver Daemon Setup prompt isdisplayed.12. Click OK to acknowledge the Webserver Daemon Setup prompt.The Installation Complete message is displayed.13. Click Done to exit the SANtricity Cloud Connecter installer.Console modeYou can use the console mode to install the SANtricity Cloud Connector on a Linux operating system.Before you beginDesignate a host location for the SANtricity Cloud Connector installation.Steps1. Download the SANtricity Cloud Connector installation file to the desired IO host location.2. Open a terminal window.3. Navigate to the directory file containing the SANtricity Cloud Connector installation file.4. Start the SANtricity Cloud Connector installation process:./cloudconnector-xxxx.bin –i consoleIn this command, xxxx indicates the version number of the application.The installation process for the SANtricity Cloud Connector is initialized.5. Press Enter to proceed with the installation process.The End User License Agreement for NetApp, Inc. Software is displayed within the installer window.5
To cancel the installation process at any time, type quit under the installer window.6. Press Enter to proceed through each portion of the End User License Agreement.The License Agreement acceptance statement is displayed under the installer window.7. To accept the terms of the End User License Agreement and proceed with the installation of the SANtricityCloud Connector, enter Y and press Enter under the installer window.The Backups created with previous releases of SANtricity Cloud Connector page is displayed.If you do not accept the terms of the End User Agreement, type N and press Enter toterminate the installation process for the SANtricity Cloud Connector.8. To acknowledge the Backups created with previous releases of SANtricity Cloud Connector message,press Enter.To install version 4.0 of the SANtricity Cloud Connector while maintaining a previous version,unique port numbers must be assigned for each version of the application.A Choose Install Folder message with the following default install folder for the SANtricity Cloud Connectoris displayed:/opt/netapp/santricity cloud connector4/.9. Choose one of the following options: To accept the default install location, press Enter. To change the default install location, enter the new folder location. An Enter the Non SSL Jetty PortNumber message is displayed. A default value of 8080 is assigned to the Non SSL port.10. Choose one of the following options: To accept the default SSL port number, press Next. To change the default SSL port number, enter the new desired port number value.11. Choose one of the following options: To accept the default Non SSL port number, press Enter. To change the default Non SSL port number, enter the new port number value. The Pre-InstallationSummary for the SANtricity Cloud Connector is displayed.12. Review the displayed Pre-Installation Summary, and press Enter.13. Press Enter to acknowledge the Webserver Daemon Setup prompt.The Installation Complete message is displayed.14. Press Enter to exit the SANtricity Cloud Connecter installer.Add server certificate and CA certificate into a keystoreTo use a secure https connection from the browser to the SANtricity Cloud Connector host, you can accept theself-signed certificate from the SANtricity Cloud Connector host or add a certificate and a trust chainrecognized by both the browser and the SANtricity Cloud Connector application.Before you begin6
The SANtricity Cloud Connector application must be installed on a host.Steps1. Stop the service using the systemctl command.2. From the default install location, access the working directory.The default install location for the SANtricity Cloud Connector is/opt/netapp/santricity cloud connector4.3. Using the keytool command, create your server certificate, and certificate signing request (CSR).EXAMPLEkeytool -genkey -dname "CN host.example.com, OU Engineering, O Company,L CITY , S STATE , C COUNTRY " -alias cloudconnect -keyalg "RSA"-sigalg SHA256withRSA -keysize 2048 -validity 365 -keystorekeystore cloudconnect.jks -storepass changeitkeytool -certreq -alias cloudconnect -keystore keystore cloudconnect.jks-storepass changeit -file cloudconnect.csr4. Send the generated CSR to the certificate authority (CA) of your choosing.The certificate authority signs the certificate request and returns a signed certificate. In addition, youreceive a certificate from the CA itself. This CA certificate must be imported into your keystore.5. Import the certificate and the CA certificate chain into the application keystore: / installPath /working/keystoreEXAMPLEkeytool -import -alias ca-root -file root-ca.cer -keystorekeystore cloudconnect.jks -storepass password -nopromptkeytool -import -alias ca-issuing-1 -file issuing-ca-1.cer -keystorekeystore cloudconnect.jks -storepass password -nopromptkeytool -import -trustcacerts -alias cloudconnect -file certnew.cer-keystore keystore cloudconnect.jks -storepass password 6. Restart the service.Add StorageGRID certificate into a keystoreIf you are configuring StorageGRID as the target type for the SANtricity Cloud Connector application, you mustfirst add a StorageGRID certificate into the SANtricity Cloud Connector keystore.Before you begin You have a signed StorageGRID certificate. You have the SANtricity Cloud Connector application installed on a host.7
Steps1. Stop the service using the systemctl command.2. From the default install location, access the working directory.The default install location for the SANtricity Cloud Connector is/opt/netapp/santricity cloud connector4.3. Import the StorageGRID certificate into the application keystore: / installPath /working/keystoreEXAMPLEopt/netapp/santricity cloud connector4/jre/bin/keytool -import-trustcacerts -storepass changeit -noprompt -alias StorageGrid SSL -file/home/ictlabsg01.cer -keystore/opt/netapp/santricity cloud connector/jre/lib/security/cacerts4. Restart the service.Configure the SANtricity Cloud Connector for the first timeUpon successful installation, you can set up the SANtricity Cloud Connector applicationthrough the configuration wizard. The configuration wizard is displayed after you initiallylog in to the SANtricity Cloud Connector.Log in to the SANtricity Cloud Connector for the first timeWhen initializing the SANtricity Cloud Connector for the first time, you must enter a default password to accessthe application.Before you beginMake sure you have access to an internet-connected browser.Steps1. Open a supported browser.2. Connect to the configured SANtricity Cloud Connector server (e.g., http://localhost:8080/).The initial login page for the SANtricity Cloud Connector application is displayed.3. In the Administrator Password field, enter the default password of password.4. Click Log In.The SANtricity Cloud Connector Configuration Wizard is displayed.8
Using the Configuration WizardThe Configuration Wizard is displayed upon successful initial login to the SANtricity Cloud Connector.Through the Configuration Wizard, you set up the administrator password, Web Services Proxy loginmanagement credentials, desired backup target type, and encryption pass phrase for the SANtricity CloudConnector.Step 1: Set administrator passwordYou can customize the password used for subsequent logins to the SANtricity Cloud Connector through theSet Administrator Password page.Establishing a password through the Set Administrator Password page effectively replaces the defaultpassword used during the initial login for the SANtricity Cloud Connector application.Steps1. On the Set Administrator Password page, enter the desired login password for the SANtricity CloudConnector in the Enter the new administrator password field.2. In the Re-enter the new administrator password field, re-enter the password from first field.3. Click Next.The password setup for the SANtricity Cloud Connector is accepted and the Set Pass Phrase page isdisplayed under the Configuration Wizard.The user defined administrator password is not set until you complete the configurationwizard.Step 2: Set pass phraseUnder the Enter the Encryption Pass Phrase page, you can specify an alphanumeric pass phrase between 8and 32 characters.A user-specified pass phrase is required as part of the data encryption key used by the SANtricity CloudConnector application.Steps1. In the Define a pass phrase field, enter the desired pass phrase.2. In the Re-enter your pass phrase field, re-enter the pass phrase from the first field.3. Click Next.The entered pass phrase for the SANtricity Cloud Connector application is accepted and the Select TargetType page for the configuration wizard is displayed.Step 3: Select target typeBackup and restore capabilities are available for Amazon S3, AltaVault, and StorageGRID target types throughthe SANtricity Cloud Connector. You can specify the desired storage target type for the SANtricity CloudConnector application under the Select the Target Type page.Before you begin9
Make sure you have one of the following: AltaVault mount point, Amazon AWS account, or StorageGRIDaccount.Steps1. In the dropdown menu, select one of the following options: Amazon AWS AltaVault StorageGRIDA Target Type page for the selected option is displayed in the Configuration Wizard.2. Refer to the appropriate configuration instructions for AltaVault, Amazon AWS, or StorageGRID.Configure AltaVault applianceAfter selecting the AltaVault appliance option under the Select the Target Type page, configuration options forthe AltaVault target type are displayed.Before you begin You have the NFS mount path for an AltaVault appliance. You specified AltaVault appliance as the target type.Steps1. In the NFS Mount Path field, enter the mount point for the AltaVault target type.Values in the NFS Mount Path field must follow the Linux path format.2. Select the Save a backup of the configuration database on this target check box to create a backup ofthe configuration database on the selected target type.If an existing database configuration is detected on the specified target type when testingthe connection, you have the option of replacing the existing database configurationinformation on the SANtricity Cloud Connector host with the new backup information enteredunder the configuration wizard.3. Click Test Connection to test the connection for the specified AltaVault settings.4. Click Next.The specified target type for the SANtricity Cloud Connector is accepted and the Web Services Proxy pageis displayed in the Configuration Wizard.5. Proceed to "Step 4: Connect to Web Services Proxy."Configure Amazon AWS accountAfter selecting the Amazon AWS option under the Select the Target Type page, configuration options for theAmazon AWS target type are displayed.Before you begin You have an established Amazon AWS account.10
You specified Amazon AWS as the target type.Steps1. In the Access Key ID field, enter the access ID for the Amazon AWS target.2. In the Secret Access Key field, enter the secret access key for the target.3. In the Bucket Name field, enter the bucket name for the target.4. Select the Save a backup of the configuration database on this target checkbox to create a backup ofthe configuration database on the selected target type.It is recommended you enable this setting to ensure that data from the backup target can berestored if the database is lost.If an existing database configuration is detected on the specified target type when testingthe connection, you have the option of replacing the existing database configurationinformation on the SANtricity Cloud Connector host with the new backup information enteredunder the configuration wizard.5. Click Test Connection to verify the entered Amazon AWS credentials.6. Click Next.The specified target type for the SANtricity Cloud Connector is accepted, and the Web Services Proxypage is displayed under the Configuration Wizard.7. Proceed to "Step 4: Connect to Web Services Proxy."Configure StorageGRID accountAfter selecting the StorageGRID option under the Select the Target Type page, configuration options for theStorageGRID target type are displayed.Before you begin You have an established StorageGRID account. You have a signed StorageGRID certificate in the SANtricity Cloud Connector keystore. You specified StorageGRID as the target type.Steps1. In the URL field, enter the URL for the Amazon S3 cloud service2. In the Access Key ID field, enter the access ID for the S3 target.3. In the Secret Access Key field, enter the secret access key for the S3 target.4. In the Bucket Name field, enter the bucket name for the S3 target.5. To use path style access, select the Use path-style access checkbox.If unchecked, virtual host-style access is used.6. Select the Save a backup of the configuration database on this target checkbox to create a backup ofthe configuration database on the selected target type.11
It is recommended you enable this setting to ensure that data from the backup target can berestored if the database is lost.If an existing database configuration is detected on the specified target type when testingthe connection, you have the option of replacing the existing database configurationinformation on the SANtricity Cloud Connector host with the new backup information enteredin the configuration wizard.7. Click Test Connection to verify the entered S3 credentials.Some S3-compliant accounts may require secured HTTP connections. For information onplacing a StorageGRID certificate in the keystore, see Add StorageGRID certificate into akeystore.8. Click Next.The specified target type for the SANtricity Cloud Connector is accepted and the Web Services Proxy pageis displayed under the Configuration Wizard.9. Proceed to "Step 4: Connect to Web Services Proxy."Step 4: Connect to Web Services ProxyLogin and connection information for the Web Services Proxy used in conjunction with the SANtricity CloudConnector is entered through the Enter Web Services Proxy URL and Credentials page.Before you beginMake sure you have an established connection to the SANtricity Web Services Proxy.Steps1. In the URL field, enter the URL for the Web Services Proxy used for the SANtricity Cloud Connector.2. In the User Name field, enter the user name for the Web Services Proxy connection.3. In the Password field, enter the password for the Web Services Proxy connection.4. Click Test Connection to verify the connection for the entered Web Services Proxy credentials.5. After verifying the entered Web Services Proxy credentials through the test connection.6. Click NextThe Web Services Proxy credentials for the SANtricity Cloud Connector is accepted and the SelectStorage Arrays page is displayed in the Configuration Wizard.Step 5: Select storage arraysBased on the SANtricity Web Services Proxy credentials entered through the Configuration Wizard, a list ofavailable storage arrays is displayed under the Select Storage Arrays page. Through this page, you can selectwhich storage arrays the SANtricity Cloud Connector uses for backup and restore jobs.Before you beginMake sure you have storage arrays configured to your SANtricity Web Services Proxy application.12
Unreachable storage arrays observed by the SANtricity Cloud Connector application will resultin API exceptions in the log file. This is the intended behavior of the SANtricity Cloud Connectorapplication whenever a volume list is pulled from an unreachable array. To avoid these APIexceptions in the log file, you can resolve the root issue directly with the storage array or removethe affected storage array from the SANtricity Web Services Proxy application.Steps1. Select each checkbox next to the storage array that you want to assign to the SANtricity Cloud Connectorapplication for backup and restore operations.2. Click Next.The selected storage arrays are accepted, and the Select Hosts page is displayed in the ConfigurationWizard.You must configure a valid password for any storage array selected under the SelectStorage Arrays page. You can configure storage array passwords through the SANtricityWeb Services Proxy API Documentation.Step 6: Select hostsBased on the Web Services Proxy-hosted storage arrays selected through the Configuration Wizard, you canselect an available host to map backup and restore candidate volumes to the SANtricity Cloud Connectorapplication through the Select Hosts page.Before you beginMake sure you have a host available through the SANtricity Web Services Proxy.Steps1. In the drop-down menu for the listed storage array, select the desired host.2. Repeat step 1 for any additional storage arrays listed under the Select Host page.3. Click Next.The selected host for the SANtricity Cloud Connector is accepted and the Review page is displayed in theConfiguration Wizard.Step 7: Review the initial configurationThe final page of the SANtricity Cloud Connector configuration wizard provides a summary of the enteredresults for your review.Review the results of the validated configuration data. If all configuration data is successfully validated and established, click Finish to complete the configurationprocess. If any section of the configuration data cannot be validated, click Back to navigate to the applicable page ofthe configuration wizard to revise the submitted data.13
Log into the SANtricity Cloud ConnectorYou can access the graphical user interface for the SANtricity Cloud Connectorapplication through the configured server in a supported browser. Make sure you have anestablished SANtricity Cloud Connector account.Steps1. In a supported browser, connect to the configured SANtricity Cloud Connector server (for example,http://localhost:8080/).The login page for the SANtricity Cloud Connector application is displayed.2. Enter your configured administrator password.3. Click Login.The landing page for the SANtricity Cloud Connector application is displayed.BackupsYou can access the Backups option in the left navigation panel of the SANtricity CloudConnector application. The Backups option displays the Backups page, which allows youto create new image-based or file-based backup jobs.Use the Backups page of the SANtricity Cloud Connector application to create and process backups of
The SANtricity Cloud Connector provides two types of backups: image-based and file-based backups. Image-based backup An image-based backup reads the raw data blocks from a snapshot volume and backs them up to a file