Transcription
MosquitoVol.SystematicsTHE MOSQUITOWITHFAUNA OF THEIDENTIFICATIONAND NOTES ON BIOLOGY,1986RYUKYU TANCETAKAKO TOMA AND ICHIROAND 111.Uranotaenia.ll.lZ.13.13.13.I 4.15.15.I.18.187
2KeysKeytotosubgeneraspeciesofCuZex.CuZex hhtziaLof.21.21KeystospeciesofCuZex sofCuZexGqhceraomyiaLKeystospeciesofCuZex sFauna1species.andmedicalnotes.importance.3.23.2 larval.1g.cited.102105.lO.*Thisinvestigationwas partiallysupportedGeneralResearch(C),ProjectNo. 60570178Education,Scienceand Cultureof ne,UniversityOkinawa 903-01,Japan.Schooloftheby Grant-in-Aidfrom the MinistryHealthofRyukyus,forofSciences,Nishihara,5
MosquitoSystematicsVol.18(l)1986ABSTRACT.From 1975 to 1984,mosquitosurveyswere carriedoutin the Ryukyu Archipelago,Japan.Adultswere collectedby lighttraps,human-baitcatches,sweepingcatchesand dry ice trapsinthe field.Larvalcollectionswere made by dippingatbreedingsites.A totalof 71speciesof mosquitoeswere found intheArchipelago.This paper includesidentificationkeys to alltaxa,noteson the bionomics,habitsand distributionof each speciesoccuringinthe Archipelago.Detailedpupaldescriptionsofspeciesare also tweenJapan proper,whichbelongsto thePalaearcticregion,and Taiwan,which belongstotheOrientalregion.The Archipelagois situatedbetween24"to30"northlatitude,and 123'to132" east longitude(Fig.1).Thenumberofislandsof the Archipelagois almost100andtheyconsistoffollowing6 ama and DaitoIslands.The climateof theArchipelagocanbe classifiedas subtropical.Themeandailyminimum for January,the coolestmonth,is 13.9'Cin Amami Is.,15.8'Cin Okinawa Is.,17.6OC in Yaeyama Is.and 16.9OC in DaitoIs.The mean dailymaximum for July,the warmest month,is28.5'Cin Amami Is.,28.3'Cin Okinawa Is.,and29.3OC in Yaeyama entislandsof the Archipelagofrom 1600 to 2500 mm withabout 200rainydays each year.The periodfrom May to Juneis the mostrainy,butthe wet season is not wellmarked.The A,rchipelagolieswithinthe typhoon beltofthe East China sea,andthetyphoonseason is from July to October.The Archipelagois an extremelyinterestingarea from a zoogeographicalstandpointand is a transitionalzone where Orientaland Palaearcticspeciesintermingle.The borderlineas shown inFig.lies1 is calledzoogeographically,"the Watase line".Itonthestraitof TokarabetweenOsumi Is.inthe Palaearcticregionand TokaraIs.in the Orientalregion.The mosquitoesreportedon the Archipelagoby theJapanesebeforeAnopheZesWorldWar II were only severalcommon species:CuZex qudnquefasciatm,Cx. mimeticus,Armigeressubasinensis,batus,Aedes aZbopictus,Ae.aegyptiand [email protected] togoi(Anonymous,l931).In 1945 and 1951,Bohartextensivelystudiedthe taxonomy andbiologyof rtand Ingram,1946a,1946b).In recentyears,Tanaka,Mizusawaand Saugstadcarriedout a taxonomicrevisionof the adultsand4th stagelarvaeof mosquitoesof Japan includingthe RyukyuArchipelagoand the OgasawaraIslands,and South Korea gourmosquitotheRyukyustartinginTopomyia1975,we have described2 newspecies,yanbarens sfrom Okinawajima(Miyagi,1976)and Ae. daitensisfromMinami Daitojima(Miyagiand Toma, 1980b),and added4 species,Umnotaenialateralis(Miyagiand Toma 1979b),Ae. lineatopennis(Miyagiand Toma, 1977,1978b,1980a;Miyagiet all.,1983a),Cx.jacksoniand FicaZbiasp.(Miyagiand Toma, 1980a),to the fauna.3
4as larvalhabitatsandThis paper providesbiologicalnotes suchfor the 71 speciesassociatedspeciesand adultfeedinghabitsKeys to allspecies,pupal desbased on our fieldobservations.fauna1notes and informationon speciescriptionsof 16 species,of medicalimportanceare also included.PLACEAND METHODThe Ryukyu Archipelagois here definedas the Tokara Islands,Amami Islands,Okinawa Islands,MiyakoIslands,Yaeyama Islandsand DaitoIslands.1975 to 1984,extensivemosquitosurveysDuringthe periodcarriedout to ascertainthe mosquitofauna and its biologywerein the followingislandsof the Archipelago:Kuchinoshima(l3kmz),Takarajima(7km2) in 1981 and 1982;Nakanoshima(27km2),Amamiin 1975 and from 1979 to 1982;Okinawajima(1220Oshima(818km2)km2) in 1978;Izenajima(l4Iheyajima(21km2) from 1975 to 1981;km2) in 1983 and 1984; Miyakojima(159km2) in 1980; Minnajima(0.6from 1980 to 1983;Ishigakijima(221km2) fromkm2) in 1976andIriomotejima(284km2) from 1976 to 1982; Kuroshima1975 to 1980;Yonagunijima(28km2) from 1977to 1981;Kita(10 km2) in 1975;Daitojima(l3km2) in 1979 and Minami Daitojima(31km2)in1976 andWe had no chance to surveyTokunoshima,Kumejima1979(Fig.1).and Haterumajima.Collectionswere made in the forest,base of mountains,openWooden boxes(20x20x20cm3) and artificialconand urban areas.tincans and glassvialshad beentainerssuch as earthenjars,placedas ovipositiontrapsbeforehandin Okinawajima,Ishigakiand esiphonsor smallnets at breedingwith dippers,pipettes,madeleafaxils,bamboositessuch as naturalhabitats(treeholes,bamboo internodes,crab holes,ground pools,ricepaddies,stumps,A much higherperrockpools,etc.)and artificialcontainers.can be collectedas immaturestagesthan asof speciescentagewere essentialto establishcorelaadults.Individualrearingsand the rearingsweretionsbetweenthe immaturesand the adultsfourth-instarorthird-instarusuallymade from field-collectedAdultmosquitoeswere collectedby lighttraps,humanlarvae.sweepingcatchesand dry ice traps.baitedcatches,MORPHOLOGYAND TERMINOLOGYterminologiesandFiguresshow most morphologicalfeaturesThose limitedto certainspeciesare shown in the illustused.The methods of presentation,terminolrationsfor such theandogyChaetotaxy,basedHuang (1972)and Bram (1967).Belkin(1962),which have been associatedwithadultspecimens,pupal skinsz:d tablesfor the pupa followTanaka et aZ. (1979).
Mosquito SystematicsVol.18(l)1986,AmamiII6,\.IDaito IS,/--- .I’Kita'I,/'.I‘.:I:Daitojima,I:I7’ -0 :I: ,MinamiI)(Daitojima, I-% --Ryukyui roshima/-\D\(8YaeyamaIs I,I’P Hater umajima,l'I':, Yonagunijima /'---- c’- -\ -- ,-‘/““’a:i%;\\/Fig, 1,CiL\ /Mapof the RyukyuArchipelago
Fig, 2,paratergiteAdult npostspiracularanteriorpronotum. *.’.,e. - a*. .‘’.;. ;.2foretarsus.\I. . ,. cl.l1l. acrostical* rectclawnarrowScalesThoraxCostaSubcostabroad
MosquitoVol 18(l)Systematics71986Fig, 3,Larval Morphologysh-J aldorsalventralgillI
KEYS TO GENERA OF CULICIDAEINTHERYUKYU ARCHIPELAGOADULT1.abdomen withoutproboscisin both sexes;Palpusas long asscalesat leaston sternites;[email protected] female(Fig.4 A, 5 B, D);Palpusshorterthan proboscisscutellumsternitesand tergites;scalesonabdomen with. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2roundedor trilobed.2.green andof brightblue,withcolorationLargemosquitoapicalpartof proboscisconspiwith metallicluster;gold,more slenderthan basalcuouslybent downward and backward,scutellumrounded.Toxorhynchiteshalf(Fig.4 ednot nward and backward(butslightlyso in Armigeres),and notscutellumtrilobed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3slender;3.ApicalpartC), usually4.broad,median ostspiracularsetaeflat,silveryscales;bare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Topomyia(one species,TO. yanbarensis)Withoutsuch combinationof characters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.silveryspots on apicalFore and midfemoramarked withtoscalesshowingwithsurface(Fig.4 tmetallicblue luster;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tripteroides(one species,Tp. bambusa yaeyamensis)withsilveryspotsontwoFore and midfemoranot icalspiracularsetaeabsent.6brilliantmetallicblue luster;6.wing margin beforeor atreachingVein 1A short(Fig.4 F),about levelof forkof Cul and Cu2 . . . . . . . . . . . . Uranotaeniawing margin beyond levelofVein 1A long(Fig.4 G), reachingfork Cul and Cu2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77.PostnotumwithPostnotumwithout8.and hairy(Fig.4of der body.Malaya(one species,ML genurostris Apicalpartof proboscissometimesswollen,but not upturnedproboscisnot foldedbackwardunder body. . . . 4and hairy,Firstmerestarsomerecombined;a smallpatchsetulae.ofsetulae.Heizmannia(one species,Hz. kana). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8of foreleglongerthan the lastfour tarsowing spotted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Orthopodomyia(one species,Or. anopheloides)
Vol, 18(l)Mosquito SystematicsFirstmerestarsomerecombined;19869of forelegshorterthan the lastfour tarso. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9wing smore or less swollendistally(Fig.5 A,B);7 D) or broad scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11with very broad(Fig.Proboscisnot distinctlyswollendistally;wing with narrow,or with both narrow and broad scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1211.Wing with conspicuouspale and dark scales;. . . . . . . .alulawith broad withscalesnarrow,usuallyscanty;scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(one-setaesetaeabsent.present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.scutellarscales. . . . . . . . . M momyiascales;scutellarfringeof narrow. . . . . . . . . FicaZbiaspecies,Fi.SP* 12.pulvilliabsentor rudimentalonHindtarsalclaws not small;alllegs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CoquiZZett d welldevelopedat leaston hindleg(Fig.7 F). . . . . . . . CuZex13.Dorsalwingand stronglyWingcal.scalesblackand whitevery numerous,allbroadasymmetrical(Fig.5 C). . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mansonia(onespecies,Ma. uniformis)if broad not asymmetrinormalin shape,black,scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14compressedandstoutsomewhathalf(Fig.5 D); dark mosquitoespostspiraculararea and pedicel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ApmigereS(one species,Ar. subalbatus)downwardandproboscisnot curvedspecies;postspiraculararea andpale scalesof legs,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . datwithoutpale bands on legs;with pale scales. . . . . . . .-Moderate-sizednot compressed;pedicelvarious.LARVA1.-SiphonSiphonnot developed(Fig.8 A).distinctlydeveloped(Fig.142.mouth brushesreducedto about 10species(l2-15mm);Largefilaments(Fig.8 C); comb scalesflatandsinglebroadabsent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zedSmalltocomposed of numerous finefilament(exceptin subgenus Lutziacomb scalesmodifiedfor predation);isof CuZex whichpresent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.SetaSeta4.Setae4-X4-Xwithwith5,6-P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AnopheZesA,B,C). . . . . . . . . . . . . 2a singlepairof setaeon grid(Fig.2 to severalpairsof setaeon grid.single;6-Mand 7-Tstoutspines(Fig.9 A). . 4. . . . . . 68 D);comb
10scalesina row.Seta5,6-Pcomb scales5.-. . . . . . . . . . . . . .(one species,many branched;6-M andin a row or a patch. . . . .Q.7-T. . . . . . . . . . Tpipteroidesbambusa yaeyamensis)never stoutspines;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Comb scaleslessthan 15,arrangedina row(Fig.9 A);teethlarge,roundedapically(Fig.9 A);seta 5-Ppectenmany branchedbut not forms stoutfan;4-X 6,7 branched. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Topomyia(one species,To.yanbarensis)arrangedin a patch;pectenteethComb scalesmore than 20,not rounded apically;seta 5-P many branchedandmoderate,forms stoutfan(Fig.9 C); 4-X 1,2 branched. . . . . . . . Malaya(one species,Mi?. genurostr s)6.Siphon modifiedfor cessat tip(Fig.9 D). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Siphon not so modified,withoutsaw-toothedprocess. . . . 77.-SiphonSiphon8.Antennajointedand articulatedfreelyand spiculate(Fig.10MimomyiaB); pectenteethabsent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*.Antennanotjointedand articulated;siphon with or without. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . minalsclerotizedplatecoveringalternatinglargeand small. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .segmentsVIIand VIIIwithlargemost ofthe segment(Fig.10 C);comb scalespresent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Orthopodomyia(one species,or. anopheloides Siphon short;abdominalsegments withoutsclerotizedplates;. .ArmCgeresalternatinglargeand smallcomb scalesabsent.(one species,Ar. subatbatus)11.segment VIIIAbdominalwith smallsclerotizedplate(inUr.yaeyamanaandvery poorlysclerotizedplateUr. jacksonipresent)(Fig.11 D);pectenteethmostlyscale-like(Fig.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lsegmentplate;pectenteethspineor tooth-like(Fig.12 B). . . . . . . . . . . 12-12.13.withwithonly one hairat leastthreeteethteethabsent.present.tuft.or more Setafrom1-S arisingat not more than one-eighthof the distancebase to apex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ficai?bia*(one species,Fi.SP* 1-Sarisingat more than one-eighthofthedistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aedesbase to apex.Setafromand multibranched.and usuallylessthan. . . . . . . . aeizmannia*(one species,Hz. kana )10 branched. . . . . . . 13
Mosquito14.Vol q 18(l)SystematicsAntennaaboutof head. . . . . . . . . . . Mansonia(one species,Ma. uniformis)and a halftimes widthofvery long,at leastone10 A). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CopiZZettidiaAntennahead(Fig.*Thetheas long111986as widthlarvaeof S TO SUBGENERA OF ANUPHELESADULT1.-Costa(Fig.Costawithless than 4 pale spots or withoutany pale spots6 A). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anopheleswith at least4 pale spots(Fig.6 B). . . . . . . . . CeZZ aLARVA1.Distancebetweenthe base of seta Z-C not more than(Fig.8B)between2- and 3-C(Fig.11 A) onor about equalto distanceone side. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AnophelesthantheDistancebetweenthe base of seta 2-C much more11distancebetweenthe base of 2- and 3-C on one side(Fig.B). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CeZZiaKEYS TO THESPECIESOF ANOPHELESWELLIA)ADULT1.basalhalfof proboscisdark scaledFemora,tibiaespeckled;and apicalhalfpale ochreousscaled.tesseZZatusproboscisdark scaledonly. . .Femora,tibiaenot speckled;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*.minimusLARVA1.nearlyas wide as distanceplateslarge,Abdominaltergalofeach pair(Fig.11ofthepalmatesetaebetweenthe base1-P 19-30 branched. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . minimusC); y small,eachthe distancebetweenthe base of the palmatesetaeofpair;seta 1-P 2-5 branched. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tesseZZatusKEYS TO SPECIESOF ANOPHELES(ANOPHELES)ADULT1.Wing withoutpalemarkings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bengalensis
12Wing with2.PalpiPalpipale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2markings.alldark.with some coxa withoutpatch of pale scales(aUpperpatch);not forminga definitebutoccasionallypresent,absentpale fringespot at terminationof vein Cu2usuallyin femalesbut presentin 50% of males. . . . . . . . . . . . Zesteripalescales;palemidcoxa with a distinctpatch ofUpperfringespot at terminationof vein Cu2 presentin both sexes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sinensissetaesetaeabsent.present.japonicus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zindesayisaperoi.*.*.,.ssp. saperoiin Okinawa Is.ssp. ohamaiin Yaeyama Is.LARVA1.Seta2-C 4-7 branched,separatedto thatbetween2,3-C(Fig.11 A).closetogether(Fig.Seta 2-C single,2.SetaSeta3.Palmatesetaesmall,Pa;mate. etae.iHrgeI-4.1-P1-Psingleor with4-14 branched.a distanceabout equalby. . . . . . . . . . . . . . bengaZensis8 B). . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 or 3 shortbranchesat tip. . . 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4leafletspigmenteduniformly.Zesterileafletspale basallyand apically.sinensisSetaSeta3-C3-C8-C singlesingle;3-7 branched;8-CKEYS TO SPECIESor double.Zindesayijaponicus5-9 branched. . . . . . . . . . . saperoissp. saperoiin Okinawa Is.ssp.ohamaiin Yaeyama Is.OF !z' xORHY CHITESADULT1.of us. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . manicatuSssp. yamada in Amami Is.ssp. yaeyamae in Yaeyama Is.Lateraltuftedsetaeof abdominaltergaVI-VIIIconspicuous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TX. sp.LARVA1.Setae3,4-Mand 5-7-Mon differentcalli. . . . . . . . manicatusin Amami IS.ssp. yaeyamae in Yaeyama Is. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tx.sp.ssp.Setae3-7-Mon a common callus.yamadai
MosquitoSystematicsVol.18(l)198613KEYS TO SUBGENERA OF uRANO!7’AENIAADULT1.-veryscalesof vertexabsentorAlulabare(Fig.6 C); erectsternopleuronby a sutureseparatedfromfew; prealararea(Fig.6 C). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uranotaenianumerous erectAlulawith a few broad dorsomarginalscales;prealararea not separatedfromvertexpresent;scalesof. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pseudo fhaZbiasternopleuronby a suture.LARVA1.-Setae5,6-Cverystoutand spineor spike-like(Fig.10 D). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uranotaenias,t,,‘s; :C’,,I’,;,;1,or spike-like. . . . . . . . . . . . .spine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PseudoficaZbCaKEYS TO SPECIESOF URARU AENIA(w?hvm’ m )ADULT1.Abdominaltergawithapicalor dorsoapicalmedian pale markings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . calmedian palewithlateroapicalmarkingson tergites). . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.scutum with a shortstripeof flatbroadspecies;Blackishscalesin frontof wing base;male firstforebluish-whitetarsomerethickenedand withlong setaeat base; male antenna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZateraZisnot stronglyplumose.flatwithouta shortstripeofscutumBrownishspecies;male legsbase;broad bluish-whitescalesin frontof wingmale andalei.*.,.,.LARVA-Antenna with setal-Aleaf-likeand withtwo additionalleaflikesetaeapically;4-6 comb scales. . . . . . . . . . . annandazeiAntenna withoutlargeleaf-likesetae;6-10 comb scales.22.Head1.pectenteethpresentbeyond 1-S.brown;.lateralis;I;?;(y(&;.pectenteethnot presentbeyond 1-S.macfar ZaneilightADULT
141.Scutumwith a dark spot over wing base.Scutum'withoutdark spot.novobscura.ryukyuana.2-Scutum with a stripeof pale scalesalong side margin beforelevelof wing root. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nivipleuraScutumof pale scalessidewithoutstripemarginalong. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3beforelevelof wing root.3.-AbdominalAbdominal4.Pleuronwitha distinctdark patch coveringposteriorpronotallobe,postspiraculararea and upper sternopleuron. .;;;u;;;.;wh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ohamaia ratherindistinctdark patch coveringpostspiraculararea and upper sternopleuron. . . . . . . . . . jackson 2.tergatergawithoutpale bands.with pale bands.yaeyamana4LARVA1.-2.-3.-4.-Setae 5,9-IV,Vlong and stiff;1,2-VIIIon a common narrowsclerotizedcallus(Fig.11 D). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Setae 5,9-IV,Vshortand not stiff;1,2-VIIInot on a commonnarrowsclerotizedcallus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Seta5-111shorterdifferentshapes. .Seta 5-111as long asshape. . . . . . . . . .thanC-IV,v;pectenteethwith2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35-IV,V;allpectenteethuniformin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ohamaiDistancebetweentipmorethan2.5 timespectenteethdetached(0.57-0.64)of siphon.Distancebetweentiplessthan1.5 timespectenteethdetached(0.63-0.71)of siphon.of stirrup-shapedpieceand seta1-Sdistancebetweenseta 1-Sandapicalon siphon;1-S locatedat basal0.61. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-.jacksoniof Sandapicalon siphon;1-S locatedat basal0.68. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yaeyamanaSetaepectenSetaelength. . . . . .6-1,IIsingle;anal gillsnearlyas long as saddle;teethpresentbeyond 1-S. . . . . .novobscuraryukyuana6-1,II3-branched;anal gillsmore than 2timesof saddle;pectenteethpresentnot beyond 1-S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GVipZeuraKEYS TO SPECIESOF OQU presenton allorsome of abdominalterga. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . crassipesWing scalesallyellow;abdomen with yellowishscales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ochracea
Mosquito SystematicsVol. 18(l)198615LARVA1.Comb scaleslong,slender,c,,b.,,,i,s. ,C.,,‘ i ;.sharplypointed(Fig.9 E). , ,,ii;‘,,, i,, . . . . .*.KEYSTO SPECIES OF MIMOMYIA. . . . .crassipes9 B). . .ochraceaLWORLEPTIOMYIA)ADULT1.exceptfor a conspiDorsalsurfaceof abdomen largelypalecuous broadmedian dark stripe;acrostichalsetaepresent;second hindtarsomerewithtwo wellseparateddark spots(Fig.5 F). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZuzonensispaleDorsalsurfaceof abdomen largelydark with very absent;broad dark band(Fig.5 E). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . elegansLARVA1.Head brown;comb scales(Fig.10 B). . . . . . . . . .Head black;comb scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .formingsingle. . . . . . . . . . . .in doublerows;. . . . . . . . . . . .KEYS TO SUBGENERAOFseta 1-C trifidrow;. . . . . . . . . . hzonensisseta1-C simple. . . . . . . . . . . . . . e ZegansAEDESADULT1.yellowish-whiteor goldenscalesin linesScutum with white,or patches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2neverinyellowishscales,Scutum with uniformlydark orlineor patches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.scutum marked withgolden scalespale markings;margin(Fig.6 D). . . . . . . . . . . . fleome aniconionAe. Zineatopennis)(one species,scutum withlongitudinalgolden orLegs with pale markings;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3whitestripesor patches.-3.-Legs withoutalong lateralScutumwitha median whiteor yellowish-whiteline,or witha pairof fineyellowish-whitesubmedianlines(Fig.6 ithscales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stegomyiapatches(Fig.7Scutum withgoldenscalesin linesor whitescutellumwith narrowcurvedgoldenscales(exceptAe.A,B);wataseiwith broad yellowish-whitescalesand Ae.aZbocinctuswith narrow whitescaleson scutellum);pedicelwithoutwhiteAe. japonicusand Ae. togoiscales(exceptAe. atbocinctus,with whitescaleson pedicel). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' nZaya
164.Allhindtarsalsegments with pale basalbands or patches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5k;i'h n&arsalsegments withoutpale band. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6l5.scales;pedicelarea with.,.on innersurface.Subspiracularpale scales(one species,withconspicuous. . . . . . AedimorphusAe.vexans nipponii)pedicelSubspiraculararea withoutscales;with a very fewinconspicuousdark scaleson innersurface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OchZerotatus(one species,Ae. vigilax)6.Erectscaleson head few andconfinedtoocciput;sternopalpusof t 0.2 lengthof proboscis. . . . . . . . . . . VerraZZinaErectscaleson head numerous,extendingto orbital;sternopleuronwithnumerous minutesetae;palpusof male short,about 0.5 lengthof proboscis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geoskusea(one species,Ae. tae1,2-VIIISetae1,2-VIII27.on a common callus. . . . . . . . . NeomeZaniconCon(one species,Ae. lineatopennis)not on a common callus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.-LengthLength4.Seta 2-X lo-16branched;anal gillsvery shortand rounded. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geoskuseaofofsetaseta6-C6-Csame orshorterlongerthan siphonalthan siphonallength.(one species,Seta 2-X 3 branched;anal gills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fidaya5.-SetaSeta5,6-C5,6-C6.Seta7-Celongate.(in part:3-15 branched.; .single.singleordouble;5-P8.Ae.5baisasi). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ae. aureostriatudF &aya(inpart)6single;FinZaya(one species,-. 4. . . . . . . . .Z-X 3-5 branched. . .(in part:Ae. watasei)B l ‘;l ‘ ri * ;5-P double;2-X 9-13 branched. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OchZerotatus. . . . . . .7.length.Seta 5-C single;5-C aboutC(Fig.12 A). . . . . . . . . . . .5-CSeta 5-C 2-8 branched;c). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setacallus.on levelof 7-C or. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .distinctlycaudad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ae.vig Zax)cephaladof 7. . . . . StegomyCaof 'I-C(Fig.12. . . . . . . . . . . . 82-P single;6-1112,3 branched;1,2-VIIIon a common. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aedimorphus
Mosquito SystematicsVol c 18(l)198617(one species,Ae. vexans nipponii)6-111single;1,2-VIIInotona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VerraZZinaSeta2-P2,3 branched;common callus(Fig.12 D).KEYS TO SPECIESOF m3.Paratergitewith-5.-2.with narrow curvedgoldenscales.withoutnarro
gold, with metallic luster; apical part of proboscis conspi- cuously bent downward and backward, more slender than basal half(Fig. 4 A,B); scutellum rounded. Toxorhynchites Medium to small-sized mosquito with coloration dull or
