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Note: This is a reference cited in AP 42, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume I StationaryPoint and Area Sources. AP42 is located on the EPA web site at www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/The file name refers to the reference number, the AP42 chapter and section. The file name"ref02 c01s02.pdf" would mean the reference is from AP42 chapter 1 section 2. The reference may befrom a previous version of the section and no longer cited. The primary source should always be checked.I AP42 Section:Background ChapterReference:1 Title:II13.446Cooling Tower Drift Test Report forUnnamed Client of the CoolingTower Institute, Houston, Texas.Midwest Research Institute (1989)
SUMMARYThe t e s t i n g s e r v i c e s o f Midwest Research I n s t i t u t e (MRI) werer e t a i n e d by] t o conduct d r i f t t e s t s on a\ 7 - c e l l , mechanical-draft, counter-flow c o o l i n g tower l o c a t e d a t t h e!The work was performed by M R I as anindependent t e s t c o n t r a c t o r .Cooling tower d r i f t i s defined as t h e percent o f water f l o w throughthe tower which e x i t s through t h e f a n i n t h e f o r m o f water d r o p l e t s andaerosols. The amount o f d r i f t from t h e tower was determined by i s o k i n e t i c a l l ysampling a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e f r a c t i o n o f t h e tower a i r f l o w , and measuring t h eamount o f d r o p l e t s and aerosol l e a v i n g t h e stack.I n d u c t i v e l y coupled argonplasma spectroscopy (ICP), an extremely s e n s i t i v e d e t e c t i o n technique, wasthen used t o measure t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t h r e e selected t r a c e c o n s t i t u e n t s(Na, Ca, Mg ) i n the basin water and water c o l l e c t e d from t h e a i r f l o w e x i t i n gt h e f a n stack.A t t h e p l a n t ' s request, an a d d i t i o n a l t r a c e c o n s t i t u e n t ,Since the chromium c o n c e n t r a t i o n was near t h echromium ( C r ) , was analyzed.d e t e c t i o n l i m i t o f (ICP), t h e d r i f t samples were analyzed u s i n g GraphiteFrom t h e measurements o f t h e s e l e c t e d t r a c eFurnace Atomic Absorption (GFAA).c o n s t i t u e n t s i n t h e i s o k i n e t i c sampling t r a i n and t h e same t r a c e c o n s t i t u e n t si n t h e b a s i n water, the d r i f t r a t e was calculated.The c a l c u l a t e d d r i f t r a t e s were between 0.0188% and 0.0348% f o r FanStack 1. depending on which o f t h e t h r e e t r a c e r s was used. When t h e r e s u l t sare averaged f o r main t r a c e r s , a d r i f t r a t e o f 0.027% i s obtained f o r Fan 1.The c a l c u l a t e d d r i f t r a t e f o r chromium i s 0.0077% f o r Fan 1.The c a l c u l a t e d d r i f t r a t e s were between 0.0107% and 0.0146% f o r FanStack 5, depending on which o f t h e t h r e e t r a c e r s was used. When t h e r e s u l t sare averaged f o r main t r a c e r s , a d r i f t r a t e o f 0.013% i s obtained f o r Fan 5.The c a l c u l a t e d d r i f t r a t e f o r chromium i s 0.0063% f o r Fan 5.The average d r i f t r a t e f o r t h e t h r e e main t r a c e r s from Fan Stacks 1and 5 was 0.020%, and t h e average chromium (Cr) d r i f t r a t e from Fan Stacks 1and 5 was 0.007%.It should be noted t h a t the water c i r c u l a t i o n r a t e was125.5% o f design, and t h a t t h e d r i f t sampling was conducted on two days whent h e wind speed was very high. This, i n combination w i t h low c o n c e n t r a t i o n o ft h e tracers, c o u l d account f o r spread o r v a r i a t i o n from t r a c e r t o t r a c e r .!
.',ir'COOLING TOWER TEST REPORlDRIFT TESTON THE7-CELL, MECHANICAL-DRAFT, COUNTER-FLOWCOOLING TOWERI. INTRODUCTIONThe t e s t i n g services o f Midwest Research I n s t i t u t e (MRI) werer e t a i n e d by t h e Watson Cogeneration Company t o conduct d r i f t t e s t s u s i n s EPAModified Method 5 i s o k i n e t i c sampling techniques on amechanical-draft, counter-flow c o o l i n g tower. The c o o l i n g tower i s l o c a t e d a tThe work was performed by Nicholas M.S t i c h and Steve Cummins o f M R I .11.TheTEST SITE DESCRIPTION'p l a n t i s located i nThe' c o o l i n g tower provides c o o l i n g water t o process heat exchangersand steam condensers.The c o o l i n g tower i s located a t,The c o o l i n g tower c o n s i s t s o f seven mechanical-draft, counter-flowc e l l s i n a continuous s t r a i g h t l i n e w i t h a common c o l d water b a s i n beneath t h etower.Each c e l l I s equipped w i t h aI28-ft diameter,six-bladed f a n d r i v e n by a 100-hp motor.The hub seal was 84 i n . i ndiameter.The f a n stack was 336 i n . i n diameter a t t h e sample plane l o c a t i o nand constructed o f f i b e r g l a s s .One underground ground s t e e l conduit r e t u r n s h o t water from t h ep l a n t t o t h e c o o l i n g tower.The main l i n e then tees o f f t o feed seveni n d i v i d u a l 18-in-diameter c e l l r i s e r s .P i t o t taps f o r water f l o w and h o twater measurement were located i n t h e 18-in l i n e s .The c o l d water from t h e c o o l i n g tower basin i s c o l l e c t e d i n t h e pumpforebay adjacent t o t h e tower where four of the f i v e pumps are used t o r e t u r nc o l d water t o t h e p l a n t . Taps w i t h temporary standpipes were used f o r t h emeasurement o f c o l d water temperatures on each o f t h e f o u r pump dischargelines.2
SAMPLING SEQUENCE111.The t e s t sequence f o r t h e d r i f t t e s t s were as follows:1.Water f l o w and f a n horsepower measurements were conducted andt h e tower operations monitored.2.D r i f t sample and a i r f l o w measurement l o c a t i o n s were c a l c u l a t e d .3.A basin water sample was c o l l e c t e d .4.Isokineticconducted.5.A second b a s i n water sample was c o l l e c t e d d u r i n g t h e middle o fthe d r i f t test.6.I s o k i n e t i c d r i f t sampling o f t h e f a n was completed.7.A t h i r d b a s i n sample was c o l l e c t e d a t t h e conclusion o f t h et e s t . The t h r e e b a s i n samples were composited i n t o one b a s i nwater sample.8.The d r i f t samples were recovered from t h e sample c o l l e c t i o nsystem.9.The basin composite, water blank, and d r i f t impinger sampleswere a c i d - s t a b i l i z e d and transported t o the l a b o r a t o r y f o asDRIFT TEST EQUIPMENTSample LocationSince d r i f t i s defined as t h e amount o f d r o p l e t s o r aerosols e x i t i n gthe f a n stack. t h e d r i f t t e s t s must be made a t t h e t o p o f t h e f a n stack.Also, t h e p r o x i m i t y o f t h e sample l o c a t i o n s t o t h e f a n r e q u i r e d t h a t t h es t a t i o n l o c a t i o n s be adjusted f o r t h e hub e f f e c t .Sample l o c a t i o n s weredetermined f o r 10-point r a d i a l traverses u s i n g t h e equation f o r equal annularareas f o r f a n discharge from Chapter 5 o f t h e C T I Manual.B. A i r P i t o t / D r i f t ProbeSince c y c l o n i c f l o w can b i a s t h e d r i f t r e s u l t s , adjustments i n t h esampling technique must be used t o e l i m i n a t e t h i s bias.A special MRI a i rp i t o t / d r i f t probe assembly was developed t o a l l o w unbiased sampling.If thesample nozzle i s not aligned w i t h t h e flow, then e f f e c t i v e v e l o c i t y throught h e nozzle opening i s reduced by t h e cosine o f the angle between t h e f l o w and3
5'stack axis. This results in a sample which is not truly isokinetic, and thusthe alignment approach1 must be used for the drift test to eliminate thisbias.Since the sample proportionality could be compromised with thealignment approach, proportional sampling needs are then satisfied byadjusting the nominal base sample time by the cosine of the cyclonic flowangle. Airflow, fan discharge temperature, and the angle of cyclonic flowwere measured with this probe assembly. The air pitot/drift probe assemblywas equipped with:1.S-type primary pitot tips which are connected to a manometer tomeasure air velocity.2.Secondary pitot tips which are positioned at 90" from theprimary pitot tips.The secondary set of pitot tips areconnected to a separate manometer to align the probe andcompensate for any cyclonic flow effects.3.A temperature sensor connected to a digital readout to measurethe stack temperature.4.A protractor attached to the probe assembly to determine theangle that the probe was rotating during the cyclonic flowdetermination.5.A stainless steel sample nozzle and flexible Teflon sampleprobe which are connected to the drift collection train.C. Drift Collection TrainThe drift collection train consists of four high-capacity impingersand a filter assembly. Impingers 1 and 2 contained distilled water and wereused to scrub out the aerosols and water droplets. The third impinger wasused to collect any water droplets that might be carried over from theprevious impingers. The filter was used as the final collection media and wasplaced between Impinger 3 which was dry and Impinger 4 which contained silicagel. The sampling train was kept iced during testing to help reduce the watervapor pressure and to further improve collection efficiency.D.Control Console and PumpThe control console and pump used was a High-Volume Sampling Systemconsistent with EPA Method 5 requirements. The impinger train isconnected to the console via a sample line through the leak-free vacuum pumpcapable of up to 4 cfm. The modular vacuum pump has two control valves toadjust and maintain the desired sampling rate.The console contains a(HVSS)1Peeler, J. W., F. J. Phoenix, and 0. J. Grove, "Characterization ofCyclonic Flow and Analysis of Particulate Sampling Approaches at AsphaltPlant," Entropy Environmentalists, Inc.4iI
adjust and m a i n t a i n t h e d e s i r e d sampling r a t e .c a l i b r a t e d d r y gas meter, d i g i t a l temperatureassociated c o n t r o l s .V.The console contains areadout, manometers, andDRIFT TEST METHODS.T e s t i n g was conducted onThe t o w e r ' sc i r c u l a t i n g water f l o w was 125.5% o f design, and t h e f a n horsepower was 103.1%o f design. The t e s t data were acquired i n accordance w i t h a p p l i c a b l e p o r t i o n so f the C T I ATC-105 (1982) t e s t code.The i n d i v i d u a l parameters were measuredas follows:T o t a l c i r c u l a t i n g water f l o w was measured w i t h two 10-point p i t o tA 42-in Simplext r a v e r s e s o f t h e seven h o t water r i s e r s .Leopold-type p i t o t tube was used t o measure t h e v e l o c i t y a t eachp o i n t . An air-over-water manometer ,was used f o r measuring t h ed i f f e r e n t i a l pressure between t h e impact and r e f e r e n c e o r i f i c e s o ft h e p i t o t tube.Fan motor power was measured w i t h a clamp-on d i g i t a l k i l o w a t t meter,u s i n g t h e two w a t t meter method.A i r v e l o c i t y was measured w i t h f o u r 10-point r a d i a l t r a v e r s e s o f t h ef a n stack u s i n g t h e predetermined sampling l o c a t i o n s . A t each p o i n tt h e M R I a i r p i t o t / d r i f t probe assembly was r o t a t e d u n t i l t h e pressure d i f f e r e n c e across the secondary p i t o t t i p s was zero. When t h i szero d i f f e r e n t i a l was obtained, t h e primary probe had been a l i g n e dw i t h t h e f l o w and t h e p r o t r a c t o r read t o determine t h e c y c l o n i c f l o wangle.The probe assembly was then used t o measure t h e v e l o c i t ypressure and temperature a t t h e sample point.The i s o k i n e t i c sample r a t e and p r o p o r t i o n a l sample d u r a t i o n weredetermined using an Epson HX-20 computer. The p r e v i o u s l y determinedv e l o c i t y pressure, stack temperature, and c y c l o n i c f l o w angle wereused by a computer program t o c a l c u l a t e t h e r e q u i r e d sample volume,i s o k i n e t i c rate, and t h e adjusted base sample time.Sampling a t each t r a v e r s e l o c a t i o n was commenced a f t e r t h e propersample r a t e was determined by t u r n i n g on the sample pump and simultaneously a c t i v a t i n g t h e v a r i a b l e t i m e r f u n c t i o n o f t h e HX-20computer.When each sample time had ended, t h e pump was shut o f f ,t h e a i r p i t o t / p r o b e assembly was r e l o c a t e d t o t h e next sample locat i o n , and the above procedure repeated u n t i l a l l 40 p o i n t s had beensampled.The d r i f t sample recovery was i n i t i a t e d by using d i s t i l l e d deionizedwater t o r i n s e t h e s t a i n l e s s s t e e l nozzle and f l e x i b l e T e f l o n probei n t o t h e contents o f t h e f i r s t impinger.The impinger t r a i n wassealed and then removed from t h e c o o l i n g tower t o t h e samplerecovery l o c a t i o n where the remainder o f t h e sample recovery was5I
I -f'recorded. The impinger contents, along with all the rinse, weretransferred to sample bottles. A distilled deionized water blankwas taken. Both the drift impinger samples and water blank werenitric acid-stabilized and then returned to MRI for furtheranalysis.Basin water samples were taken at the beginning, the midpoint, andthe conclusion of the drift sample. The basin water sample wastaken from a thermal well that was installed on the discharge sideof the circulating water flow pump.The samples were collectedafter the thermal well line was purged. The three samples werecollected and then combined into one composite basin water sample.The composite basin sample was stabilized with nitric in the samemanner as were the impinger and water blank samples. The compositebasin water sample was returned to MRI for further analysis.VI.SAMPLE ANALYSISThe samples were returned to MRI where custody o f the samples wastransferred to the analytical section.Quantitative analysis of selectedtrace elements in both the tower basin water samples and the collected driftsamples was then performed by the analytical section. A Jarrell-Ash Model1155A ICP-AES instrument was used to analyze the samples by inductivelycoupled argon plasma spectroscopy (ICP) samples.Graphite furnace atomicabsorption spectroscopy (GFAA) was used to analyze for chromium on a PerkinElmer Model 5000 Zeeman Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The drift andbasin water samples were prepared using two different preparation techniques,Method 3050 and the acidification and dilution procedure.The resultspresented in this report are the averages obtained from the analysis of bothpreparation techniques for each sample. Method 6010 was used for the analysisof Ca, Na, Mg, and Method 7191 was used for the analysis of Cr. The methodsused are described below.A.Acidification and DilutionThis procedure was used to prepare surface and groundwater samplesfor analysis by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FLAA) or by inductivelycoupled argon plasma spectroscopy (ICP).The entire sample is acidified at the time of collection with nitricacid. At the time of analysis the sample is diluted, if necessary, and acidified with nitric to obtain approximately a 10% nitric acid sample matrix whichis then ready for analysis.I
B.Method 3050Method 3050 i s an a c i d d i g e s t i o n procedure used t o prepare sediments, sludges, and s o i l samples f o r a n a l y s i s by flame o r furnace atomicabsorption spectroscopy (FLAA and GFAA, r e s p e c t i v e l y ) o r by ICP.A r e p r e s e n t a t i v e sample i s digested i n n i t r i c a c i d and hydrogenperoxide.The d i g e s t a t e i s t h e n r e f l u x e d w i t h e i t h e r n i t r i c a c i d o r hydroc h l o r i c acid.D i l u t e h y d r o c h l o r i c a c i d i s used as t h e f i n a l r e f l u x a c i d f o r(1) t h e I C P a n a l y s i s o f As and Se, and (2) t h e flame AA o r I C P a n a l y s i s o f A l ,Ba, Ca, Cd, C r , Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, Pb, N i . K, Na, T1, V , and Zn. D i l u t e n i t r i ca c i d i s employed as t h e f i n a l d i l u t i o n a c i d f o r t h e furnace AA a n a l y s i s o f As,Be. Cd. C r , Co, Pb, Mo, Se, T1. and V.C.Method 6010Method 6010 describes t h e procedures f o r ICP i n determining elementsi n c l u d i n g metals i n s o l u t i o n . T h i s method i s a p p l i c a b l e t o a l a r g e number o fA l l matrices, i n c l u d i n g groundwater, aqueous samples, EPmetals and wastes.extracts, i n d u s t r i a l wastes, s o i l s , sludges, sediments, and o t h e r s o l i dwastes, r e q u i r e d i g e s t i o n p r i o r t o analysis.The simultaneous, o r sequential, multielemental d e t e r m i n a t i o n o felements by I C P i s measured by element-emitted l i g h t by o p t i c a l spectrometry.Samples are nebulized, and t h e r e s u l t i n g emission spectra a r e producedby a r a d i o frequency i n d u c t i v e l y coupled plasma. The spectra a r e dispersed bya g r a t i n g spectrometer, and t h e i n t e n s i t i e s of t h e l i n e s a r e monitored byp h o t o m u l t i p l i e r tubes.Background c o r r e c t i o n i s r e q u i r e d f o r t r a c e elementdetermination.0.Method 7000 and 7191Method 7000 i s used f o r t h e determination o f metals i n d r i n k i n g ,surface and s a l i n e waters, and domestic and i n d u s t r i a l wastes by AtomicAbsorption.While d r i n k i n g water f r e e of p a r t i c u l a t e matter may be analyzedd i r e c t l y , groundwater, o t h e r aqueous samples, EP e x t r a c t s , i n d u s t r i a l wastes,s o i l s , sludges, sediments, and o t h e r s o l i d wastes r e q u i r e d i g e s t i o n p r i o r t oMethod 7191 i s a m o d i f i c a t i o n of Method 7000 t h a t i s s p e c i f i c f o ranalysis.chromium by Atomic Absorption using t h e furnace technique.I n d i r e c t a s p i r a t i o n atomic absorption spectroscopy, a sample i saspirated and atomized i n a flame. A l i g h t beam from a h o l l o w cathode lamp o ran e l e c t r o d e l e s s discharge lamp i s d i r e c t e d through t h e flame i n t o a monochromator and onto a d e t e c t o r t h a t measures the amount o f absorbed l i g h t .Absorption depends upon t h e presence o f free, unexcited ground-state atoms i nt h e flame. Because t h e wavelength o f t h e l i g h t beam i s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of o n l yt h e metal being determined, t h e l i g h t energy absorbed by t h e flame i s ameasure o f t h e concentration o f t h a t metal i n t h e sample.This p r i n c i p l e i st h e basis o f atomic absorption.7
When using the furnace technique in conjunction with an atomicabsorption spectrophotometer. a representative aliquot of the sample is placedin the graphite tube in the furnace, evaporated to dryness, charred, andatomized. As a greater percentage of available analyte atoms is vaporized anddissociated for absorption in the tube rather than the flame, the use ofsmaller sample volumes or detection of lower concentratlons of elements ispossible.The principle is essentially the same as with direct aspirationatomic absorption, except that a furnace, rather than a flame is used toatomize the sample.VII.RESULTS AN0 CONCLUSIONSThe following equation is used by the MRI drift computer program tocalculate the drift results:% Driftwhere: 100(NFA-NWT)/(NZA- WFREQTBTC)NFA Net Fan Area (square feet)NWT Net Weight of Tracer (micrograms)NZA Nozzle Area (square feet)WFR Water Flow Rate (grams per minute)EQT Equivalent Sample Time (240 minutes)BTC Basin Tracer Concentration (micrograms per grams)The table below summarizes the results of the laboratory analysisand drift calculations.FAN STACK nConc.(vg/&% Drift170.577.1228.58.320.03480.01880.02790.0077!a
FAN STACK nConc.(pq/gl% Drift177.580.2295.58.70.01460.01070.01330.0063The calculated d r i f t r a t e s were between 0.0188% and 0.0348% f o r FanStack 1, depending on which o f the three tracers was used. When the r e s u l t sare averaged f o r main tracers, a d r i f t r a t e o f 0.027% i s obtained f o r Fan 1.The calculated d r i f t r a t e f o r chromium i s 0.0077% f o r Fan 1.The calculated d r i f t r a t e s were between 0.0107% and 0.0146% f o r FanStack 5, depending on which o f the three tracers was used. When the r e s u l t sare averaged f o r main tracers, a d r i f t r a t e of 0.013% i s obtained f o r Fan 5.The calculated d r i f t r a t e f o r chromium i s 0.0063% f o r Fan 5.The average d r i f t r a t e f o r the three main t r a c e r s from Fan Stacks 1and 5 was 0.020%, and the average chromium ( C r ) d r i f t r a t e from Fan Stacks 1and 5 was 0.007%. It should be noted the water c i r c u l a t i o n r a t e was 125.5% o fdesign, and t h a t the d r i f t sampling was conducted on two days when t h e windspeed was very high.This i n combination w i t h low concentration o f thetracers could account f o r spread o r v a r i a t i o n from t r a c e r t o tracer.9
APPENDIX ASUMMARY O F RESULTSD R I F T TESTON THEICELL, MECHANICAL-DRAFT,COUNTER-FLOWCOOLING TOWERA-1
./k'FILE NAMERUN #LOCATIONDATEPROJECT #:PROGRAM VER.10/01/88 v 2 . 1: 1::INITIAL METER VOLUME (CUBIC FEET) FINAL METER VOLUME (CUBIC FEET) METER FACTOR FINAL LEAK RATE (CU FT/MIN) 190.000632.3900.98570.000NET METER VOLUME (CUBIC FEET) GAS VOLUME (DRY STANDARD CUBIC FEET) 436.064429.88329.95-0.15BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (IN. HG) STATIC PRESSURE (INCHES H20) 21.00.00.05.3PERCENT OXYGEN PERCENT CARBON DIOXIDE MOISTURE COLLECTED (ML) PERCENT WATER 28.8428.26DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT WET MOLECULAR WEIGHT 18.8AVERAGE METER TEMPERATURE (F.) AVERAGE DELTA H (IN. H20) AVG.SUM Of SQR DELTA P ( f o r % ISOKINETIC) %2.190.4433101.0ISOKINETIC AVERAGE STACK TEMPERATURE (F.) AVG. SUM of SQR DELTA P * COS of ANGLE (IN. H20) PITOT COEFFICIENT SAMPLING TIME (MINUTES) NOZZLE DIAMETER (INCHES) 93.70.41250.84221.80.5021STACK AXIS (INCHES) HUB AXIS (XNCHES) NET FREE STACK AREA (SQUARE FEET) 336.084.0517.27STACK VELOCITY (ACTUAL, FEET/MIN) FLOW RATE (ACTUAL, CUBIC FT/MIN) FLOW RATE (STANDARD, WET, CUBIC FT/MIN) FLOW RATE (STANDARD, DRY, CUBIC FT/MIN) - - - - - - - - - HTWATERBLANKBASINCONC.(mcg)(mcg/g 7331.61836.8A- 21,438829,828791,849749,68577.10288.50% DRIFT0.03480.0077'0.01880.0279
.FILE NAMERUN #LOCATIONDATEPROJECT #:PROGRAM VER.10/01/88 v2.1: 1::* *METRIC UNITS* *INITIAL METER VOLUME (CUBIC METERS) FINAL METER VOLUME (CUBIC METERS) METER FACTOR FINAL LEAK RATE (CU M/MIN) 5.38017.9070.98570.0000NET METER VOLUME (CUBIC METERS) GAS VOLUME (DRY STANDARD CUBIC METERS) 12.34812.173761-4BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (MM HG) STATIC PRESSURE (MM H20) 21.00.00.05.3PERCENT OXYGEN PERCENT CARBON DIOXIDE MOISTURE COLLECTED (ML) PERCENT WATER 28.8428.26DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT WET MOLECULAR WEIGHT AVERAGE METER TEMPERATURE (C.) AVERAGE DELTA H (MM H20) AVG. SUM of SQR DELTA P ( f o r '% ISOKINETIC) 26.055.72.23'% ISOKINETIC 101.0AVERAGE STACK TEMPERATURE (C.) AVG. SUM of SQR DELTA P * COS of ANGLE (MM H20) PITOT COEFFICIENT SAMPLING TIME (MINUTES) NOZZLE DIAMETER (MM) 34.32.080.84221.812.75STACK AXIS # 1 (METERS) STACK AXIS #2 (METERS) CIRCULAR STACKSTACK AREA (SQUARE METERS) 8.5342.13453.630STACK VELOCITY (ACTUAL, M/MIN) FLOW RATE (ACTUAL, CUBIC M/MIN) FLOW RATE (STANDARD, WET, CUBIC M/MIN) FLOW RATE (STANDARD, DRY, CUBIC M/MIN) 43823,49822,42321,229A-3
C'FILE NAMERUN #LOCATIONDATEPROJECT #POINT #:PROGRAM VER.10/01/88 v2.1: 1::DELTA HDELTA P(IN. H20) (IN. H20)STACK T(F.)METER T.IN(F.1 48081I
DRIFT DATA REDUCTION!RUN # 1Sample Volume823Rinse Volume245I n i t i a l W a t e r Vol.250CaDESCRIPTIONNaCrWater Blank (mcg/g)Filter Blank (mcg)---- --------- --- - -----------DIGESTEDBasin Water ( m c g / g 0024.300.6588.78038.200Basin Water 002.350024.300.6588.78038.200Basin Water 802.2100Filter (mcg)24.300.6588.78038.200T O T A L S A M P L E WT(mcg)1354.914.7331.61836.8(mcg/g)F i l t e r (mcg)T O T A L S A M P L E WT(mcg)ACIDIFIEDFilter(mcg/g)(mcg)T O T A L S A M P L E WT(mcg)AVERAGE(mcg/g)A-5
.:FILE NAMERUN #LOCATIONDATEPROJECT #:: 2:PROGRAM VER.10/01/88 v2.1:INITIAL METER VOLUME (CUBIC FEET) FINAL METER VOLUME (CUBIC FEET) METER FACTOR FINAL LEAK RATE (CU FT/MIN) 635.0001086.1300.98570.000NET METER VOLUME (CUBIC FEET) GAS VOLUME (DRY STANDARD CUBIC FEET) 444.679437.389BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (IN. HG) STATIC PRESSURE (INCHES H20) 29.85-0.15PERCENT OXYGEN PERCENT CARBON DIOXIDE MOISTURE COLLECTED (ML) PERCENT WATER 21.00.00.04.8DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT WET MOLECULAR WEIGHT 28.8428.32AVERAGE METER TEMPERATURE (F.) AVERAGE DELTA H (IN. H20) AVG.SUM of SQR DELTA P (for ?. ISOKINETIC) %78.12.110.4316ISOKINETIC 101.3AVERAGE STACK TEMPERATURE (F.) AVG. SUM of SQR DELTA P * COS of ANGLE (IN. H20) PITOT COEFFICIENT SAMPLING TIME (MINUTES) NOZZLE DIAMETER (INCHES) 90.10.41580.84229.60.5021STACK AXIS ( INCHES) HUB AXIS (INCHES) NET FREE STACK AREA (SQUARE FEET) 336.084.0577.27STACK VELOCITY (ACTUAL, FEET/MIN) FLOW RATE (ACTUAL, CUBIC FT/MIN) FLOW RATE (STANDARD, WET, CUBIC FT/MIN) FLOW RATE (STANDARD, DRY, CUBIC FT/MIN) DRIFT ANALYSISTRACERANALYZEDSAMPLEWEIGHT( mcq 1WATERBLANK(mcq/q 00A-61,445834,219798,609760,493---- ---------BASINCONC.(mcq/q)177.508.7080.20295.50%' DRIFT0.01460.00630.0107 '0.0133
FILE NAMERUN #LOCATIONDATEPROJECT #:!PROGRAM VER.10/01/88 v2.1: 2::* *METRIC UNITS* *INITIAL METER VOLUME (CUBIC METERS) FINAL METER VOLUME (CUBIC METERS) METER FACTOR FINAL LEAK RATE (CU M/MIN) 17.98130.7550.98570.0000NET METER VOLUME (CUBIC METERS) GAS VOLUME (DRY STANDARD CUBIC METERS) 12.59212.385BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (MM HG) STATIC PRESSURE (MM H20) PERCENT OXYGEN PERCENT CARBON DI OX1 DE MOISTURE COLLECTED (ML) PERCENT WATER 758-421.00.00.04.8'DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT WET MOLECULAR WEIGHT 28.8428.32AVERAGE METER TEMPERATURE (C.) AVERAGE DELTA H (MM H20) AVG. SUM of SQR DELTA P (for % ISOKINETIC) %25.653.62.18101.3ISOKINETIC AVERAGE STACK TEMPERATURE (C.) AVG. SUM of SQR DELTA P * COS of ANGLE (MM H20) PITOT COEFFICIENT SAMPLING TIME (MINUTES) NOZZLE DIAMETER (MM) 32.32.100.84229.612.75STACK AXIS #1 (METERS) STACK AXIS # 2 (METERS) CIRCULAR STACKSTACK AREA (SQUARE METERS) 8.5342.13453.630STACK VELOCITY (ACTUAL, M/MIN) FLOW RATE (ACTUAL, CUBIC M/MIN) FLOW RATE (STANDARD, WET, CUBIC M/MIN) FLOW RATE (STANDARD, DRY, CUBIC M/MIN) 44023,62222,61421,535A-7
F I L E NAMERUN #LOCATIONDATEPROJECT #POINT k!I:\i: 2PROGRAM VER.10/01/88 v2.1::\:IDELTA PDELTA H( I N . H20) ( I N . H20)STACK TMETER T 789101010\!A-8
DRIFT DATA REDUCTIONRUN # 2Sample Volume731Rinse Volume200Initial Water Vol.250CaDESCRIPTION Cr Water Blank (mcg/g)0.0000Filter Blank (mcg)-- - - - -- -- - .2.8100-DIGESTEDBasin Water (mcg/g)Impinger(mcg/g)Filter (mcg)179.00.844015.600629.8.- - - - - - - - ACIDIFIEDBasin Water 632.4- - - - - -- - AVERAGEBasin Water (mcg/g)Impinger(mcg/g)Filter (mcg)TOTAL SAMPLE WT(mcg)177.50.856515.600631.1A-9
5'IAPPENDIX BF I E L D DATA SHEETSD R I F T TESTON THE7-CELL,MECHANICAL-DRAFT, COUNTER-FLOWCOOLING TOWERB-I
,.-6-FILE NO,:.MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE-.I!EST DATE:DATA S H E E T X ". M E A S OFMEAS. OF:I N S T R U M E N T IDENTIFICATION--- -- II'IIIIIIIIIIIIIII!IIISI8-2IT E S T AVERAGE:UNIT@ -L -W- -I N S T R U M E N T IDENTIFICATIONDATE CALIBR.J TEST b v E R A C EINSTRUMENT IOENTIFICATIONMEAS. OF:---- -1- ------IIUNIT
- MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTEDATA SHEET "E"WATER FLOW MEASUREMENT!FILE NO.:TEST DATE:IPIPE I.D.STA. DESC.LOCATIONDECIMAL INCHES:ALCULATEDCORRECTED.a. in.I!\Ka."/in.STA. DESC.t d. . . .,013 3881,987 'F0ASlS AIR1WATER MANOMETER.CALCULATED V A L U E DECREASED B Y DISTANCE FROM E N D OF PITOT TUBE T O CENTER L I N E OF IMPACT HOLE.-8-3tTIME&?-pd. in.62d. in6
-MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTEDATA SHEET "E"WATER FLOW MEASUREMENTFILE N O :TEST DATE:. .PITOT TUBEPITOT TUBE M
cooling tower provides cooling water to process heat exchangers and steam condensers. The cooling tower is located at , The cooling tower consists of seven mechanical-draft, counter-flow cells in a continuous straight line with a common cold water basin beneath the tower. Each cell . Is . e
